1. Problem Description: The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons. It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amount of energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stable and the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other. The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom Binding energy Separated nucleons (greater mass) Nucleus (smaller mass) Figure 1: Binding Energy in the Nucleus The approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomic nucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using the following formula: (А — 22)? as Eb = a,A – azA³ – a3¬– a4 A AZ where, a, = 15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a, = 93.2 , and if A is odd if A and Z are both even if A is even and Z is Odd as = 12.0 -12.0 The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the binding energy (Eb) by the mass number (A). You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomic number (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example, if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 * Z) inclusive, see the example output in figure 2. If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, the program should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown in figure 2. Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon, which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copy of the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).
1. Problem Description: The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons. It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amount of energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stable and the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other. The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom Binding energy Separated nucleons (greater mass) Nucleus (smaller mass) Figure 1: Binding Energy in the Nucleus The approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomic nucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using the following formula: (А — 22)? as Eb = a,A – azA³ – a3¬– a4 A AZ where, a, = 15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a, = 93.2 , and if A is odd if A and Z are both even if A is even and Z is Odd as = 12.0 -12.0 The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the binding energy (Eb) by the mass number (A). You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomic number (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example, if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 * Z) inclusive, see the example output in figure 2. If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, the program should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown in figure 2. Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon, which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copy of the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).
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Transcribed Image Text:1. Problem Description:
The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom in
its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons. It describes
how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amount of energy is
needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stable and the neutrons and
protons are tightly bound to each other. The atomic number or proton number
(symbol Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the
atomic number Z and the number of neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom
+ Binding energy
Separated nucleons
(greater mass)
Nucleus
(smaller mass)
Figure 1: Binding Energy in the Nucleus
The approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomic nucleus
with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using the following formula:
(А - 22)?
2
as
Eb = a,A – azA3 – az¬- a4
A
AZ
where, a, = 15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a4 = 93.2 ,and
if A is odd
if A and Z are both even
if A is even and Z is Odd
as = .
12.0
-12.0
The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the binding
energy (Eb) by the mass number (A).
You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomic
number (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example,
if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 * Z)
inclusive, see the example output in figure 2.
If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, the
program should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown in
figure 2.
Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon,
which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copy
of the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).
![if A is odd
if A and Z are both even
as =
12.0
-12.0
if A is even and Z is Odd
The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the binding
energy (Eb) by the mass number (A).
You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomic
number (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example,
if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 * Z)
inclusive, see the example output in figure 2.
If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, the
program should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown in
figure 2.
Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon,
which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copy
of the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).
In (25]: runfile('/Users/hamzazidoum/Documents/2101/2101_S2021/
Programming Assignments/PA4/pa4_nuclear.py', wdir='/Users/hamzazidoum/
Documents/2101/2101_s2021/Programming Assignments/PA4')
>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118]: 0
>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118]: -120
>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118]: 200
>>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118]: 5
A
binding
energy
binding_ energy
per Nucleon
==============
-448.996
-226.623
-82.990
-89.799
-37.771
-11.856
-3.778
47.111
64.228
70.245
55.009
35.952
1.794
-32.682
-78.825
-123.453
-177.641
-229.307
-289.143
-0.472
5.235
6.423
6.386
4.584
2.766
0.128
-2.179
-4.927
-7.262
-9.869
-12.069
-14.457
20
The most stable nucleus has a mass number 10
Figure 2: Sample run of the program](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fbd7636e8-3795-4ba1-b07d-f726ce8529d3%2Fcbec902d-58c0-4024-8417-d035997ac9d6%2Fc748b9i_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:if A is odd
if A and Z are both even
as =
12.0
-12.0
if A is even and Z is Odd
The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the binding
energy (Eb) by the mass number (A).
You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomic
number (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example,
if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 * Z)
inclusive, see the example output in figure 2.
If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, the
program should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown in
figure 2.
Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon,
which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copy
of the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).
In (25]: runfile('/Users/hamzazidoum/Documents/2101/2101_S2021/
Programming Assignments/PA4/pa4_nuclear.py', wdir='/Users/hamzazidoum/
Documents/2101/2101_s2021/Programming Assignments/PA4')
>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118]: 0
>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118]: -120
>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118]: 200
>>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) [1,118]: 5
A
binding
energy
binding_ energy
per Nucleon
==============
-448.996
-226.623
-82.990
-89.799
-37.771
-11.856
-3.778
47.111
64.228
70.245
55.009
35.952
1.794
-32.682
-78.825
-123.453
-177.641
-229.307
-289.143
-0.472
5.235
6.423
6.386
4.584
2.766
0.128
-2.179
-4.927
-7.262
-9.869
-12.069
-14.457
20
The most stable nucleus has a mass number 10
Figure 2: Sample run of the program
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