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- 3) A. How are the following proteins involved in cell division: condensing, cohesin, kinetochore complex, tubulin? B. Why does phenotype not always reveal genotype? C. How can Mendel's postulates of segregation and independent assortment be explained by meiosis? D. Explain the genotypic and phenotypic ratios predicted when performing a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross of heterozygotes? E. How can you use the product rule and sum rule to calculate the probability of a particular genotype resulting from crossing parents of specific genotypes?6. A heterozygous purple plant is crossed with a white plant. A. Write the genotype of the purple and white plants. B. Write the gametes formed by the purple plant and proportions in which they occur. C. Write the gametes formed by the white plant and proportions in which they occur. D. Combine the gametes using a Punnett square. E. Write the genotypes of the offspring and the ratio in which they occur. F. Write the phenotypes of the offspring and the ratio in which they occur.1. Most of the individuals of a certain wildflower population have white flowers, although a few are purple-flowered. Crosses have demonstrated that allele for white color flower (W) is dominant over the allele for purple (w). a. Give the genotype of a purple-flowered plant, and show the gametes that it would produce as a result of meiosis. b. If two heterozygous whoite-flowered plants are crossed. What fraction of the offspring do you expect to be purple? c. If two purple-flowered plants are crossed, what fraction of their offspring do you expect to be white? 2. In one study, Gregor Mendel crossed yellow-seeded, tall garden pea with a green-seeded, short garden pea. The F1 offspring were all yellow-seeded and tall. Assuming independent assortment of these two genes, what phenotypes and proportions did he fin among F2 offspring when the F1 garden peas are allowed to fertilize themselves? 3. Thorn apples produce either purple (P) or white (p) flowers, and their fruits are either…
- A number of genes carried on the same chromosome are tested and show the following crossover frequencies. What is their sequence in the map of the chromosome? Genes Crossover Frequencies between Them C and A 7% B and D 3% B and A 4% C and D 6% C and B 3%What genotypes, and in what frequencies, will be present in the offspring from the following matings? a. AABBaaBB b. AaBbaabb c. AaBBAABb d. AaBbAaBbRefer to problem 2. Assume a third gene has alleles C and c. For each genotype listed, what allele combinations will occur in gametes, assuming independent assortment? a. AABBCC b. AaBBcc c. AaBBCc d. AaBbCc
- 1. Use the following information to answer the question: Parental cross is RrYy x RrYy Seed Shapes are R-round, r-wrinkled Seed colors are Y-yellow, y-green Based on the information given, what is the phenotype ratio of the offspring of this cross? 2. A pea plant heterozygous for height and seed color (TtYy) is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for height but homozygous recessive for seed color (Ttyy). If 80 offspring are produced, how many are expected to be tall and have yellow seeds? 3. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? How does this theory explain Mendel's results? 4. A cross between two organisms heterozygous for two different genes (AaBb) results in a 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio among the offspring. Is the offspring's genotype ratio the same? Explain your answer.…3. In the X linked fruit fly cross , why were the adult flies in the XRXr x XRY vial removed? 1. Adult fruit flies are known to eat their larvae and this would throw off the count 2. The goal was to count the phenotypic ratio of the offspring; therefore the parental generation must be removed. 3. The adult flies would eat all the food and the offspring would die before a count could be made1) By decomposing the cross, MmNn X Mmnn, into single gene outcomes, the possibility of obtaining a double recessive outcome for the ‘N’ gene is: a) 50%! b) 100! c) 0%! d) 25%! 2) A 16-square Punnett is time-consuming to draw out. Dr. Thompson can easily solve this problem by decomposing her dihybrid crosses into separate monohybrid Punnett squares, which would also be quicker than using a forked line diagram. If so, how many individual monohybrid Punnett squares will she need to draw? a) Four Punnett squares. b) Two Punnet squares. c) One Punnett square. d) Sixteen Punnett squares since there are 16 possible outcomes.
- 1. A wild type chromosome has the following segments:A B C D ● E F GAn individual is heterozygous for the following mutations:A B E ● D C F Ga. What type of mutation is shown in in the chromosomes above? b. Sketch the four gametes produced by a CROSSOVER between C and D and label whether or not each gamete produced from this meiosis is viable.2. Show the cross and provide full justification in each case:a) An F1 x F1 self-fertilization gives a 9:7 phenotypic ratio in the F2. What phenotypic ratio would you expect if you test-crossed the F1? b) An F1 x F1 self-fertilization gives a 9:3:4 phenotypic ratio in the F2. What phenotypic ratio would you expect if you test-crossed the F1? c) An F1 x F1 self-fertilization gives a 15:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2. What phenotypic ratio would you expect if you test-crossed the F1?1. In pea plants, there are two possible alleles for pea pod color. Y (yellow) is the dominant allele, and y (green) is recessive. In a test cross, if the parent with yellow pods has a heterozygous genotype, what proportion of the offspring will be yellow? Group of answer choices A. 100% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25% E. 0% 2. Healthy elephant somatic cells are 2n=56. How many chromosomes are in a daughter cell at the beginning of MEIOSIS II in elephants? Group of answer choices A. 28 un-replicated B. 28 replicated C. 56 un-replicated D. 56 replicated 3. While studying tumor cells, you notice that the histones of a particular chromosome have more acetyl groups bound to them in tumor cells, compared to the same chromosome in healthy cells. What would you expect for the amount of proteins encoded by genes on that chromosome in tumor cells compared to healthy cells? Group of answer choices A. Higher in tumor cells B. Lower in tumor cells C. Similar in tumor and…