1. The essential component of a toaster is an electrical element (a resistor) that converts electrical energy to heat energy. How much current is drawn by a toaster with resistance 102 at 110 V? 2. In the circuit shown, calculate the current i, the conductance G, and the power P. 30 V 5 k2 3. A voltage source of 20 sin at V is connected across a 5-k2 resistor. Find the current through the resistor and the power dissipated. (+1)

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KVL and KCL

KVL stands for Kirchhoff voltage law. KVL states that the total voltage drops around the loop in any closed electric circuit is equal to the sum of total voltage drop in the same closed loop.

Sign Convention

Science and technology incorporate some ideas and techniques of their own to understand a system skilfully and easily. These techniques are called conventions. For example: Sign conventions of mirrors are used to understand the phenomenon of reflection and refraction in an easier way.