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1). What measures are used in statistical significance? 2). What were the measures used in statistical significance used in this study?

1). What measures are used in statistical significance? 2). What were the measures used in statistical significance used in this study?

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018
18th Edition
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:Carter
Chapter10: Statistics
Section10.6: Summarizing Categorical Data
Problem 30PPS
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1). What measures are used in statistical significance?

2). What were the measures used in statistical significance used in this study?

 

upervised aerobic dance and strength individual use only. lication or distribution prohibited by law. sive weight gain and many serious maternal and fetus complications, 48-30 In the present study, analyses of pre- Table 1 Maternal Characteristics* pregnancy BMI categories were similar between groups at the beginning of the study (p= .68). However, weight gain after the intervention period showed a significant difference. Fewer women in EG exceeded the IOM's recommenda- tions (p= .026). The positive effect of exercise on preventing excessive weight gain has also been recently demonstrated by other authors.1.52 Haakstad et al.1 EG (N = 107) CG (N = 93) Variable Age (years) BMIT 31.57 + 3.87 31.51 + 3.92 0.90 23.78 + 4.40 24.09 + 4.32 0.68 Group prepregnancy BMI index (n/%) <18 1/9 2/2.2 0.71; = 1.35 18-24.9 73/68.9 58/64.4 25/23.6 7/6.6 25-29.9 21/23.3 >30 9/10 Smoking during pregnancy (n/%) examined the effect of 60-minute 0.07: = 5.17 96/89.7 11/10.3 77/86.5 12/13.4 No %3D supervised aerobic dance and strength training at least twice per week for a minimum of 12 weeks in 105 sedentary, nulliparous pregnant women (EG, n = 52; CG, n = 53) and found fewer Yes Parity (n/%) Nullipara 0.62; x = 0.92 65/60.7 37/34.6 5/4.7 48/53.9 36/40.4 5/5.6 One before Two or more women in the EG than in the CG * EG indicates exercise group; and CG, control group. † BMI: Body mass index at the beginning of the study. Variables were collected at baseline. A x? test was used to analyze the categorical and nominal variables. Student's test was used to assess quantitative variables. exceeded the IOM recommendations. The effectiveness of exercise has also been demonstrated even among over- weight and obese pregnant women. Mottola et al.52 showed that a walking and nutrition intervention reduces the risk of excessive pregnancy weight gain with minimal weight retention at 2 months postpartum in overweight and obese women. Hypertension during pregnancy is related to several prenatal complica- tions, including preterm delivery, and Table 2 Maternal Outcomest uding EG (N = 107) CG (N = 93) is the leading cause of maternal mor- tality worldwide.3 The results of this Variable Effect Size Gestational age (days) 276.23 + 13.35 274.40 ± 15.50 0.37 study show that regular exercise during pregnancy does not increase the risk of developing hypertension. Furthermore case-control studies in the United States showed the protective effects of Preterm delivery (n/%) Birth >259 days Birth <259 days Maternal weight gain (kg) 11.72 + 4.06 102/96.2 87/95.6 0.82 y = 0.049 4/3.8 4/4.4 13.66 ± 9.62 0.06 Blood pressure (mmHg) exercise on hypertension during preg- 14,54 nancy." Systolic Diastolic 114.45 + 10.43 113.33 + 11.37 0.49 No statistical differences were found 67.99 + 9.00 67.60 + 6.89 0.74 between groups in the rest of maternal and fetal outcomes. Maternal weight gain according to recommendation (n/%) Excessive 22/21.2 31/35.6 0.02' = 4.95 0.16 This randomized controlled trial Adequate 82/78.8 56/64.4 reinforces that a supervised, regular, moderate physical exercise program during pregnancy does not have any adverse effect on maternal and fetal well-being. Our findings have clinical relevance and promote exercise pro- grams throughout pregnancy for preg- nant women without any obstetric Type of delivery (n/%) Normal 0.14 x = 3.84 52/57.1 13/14.3 26/28.6 72/68.6 15/14.3 18/17.1 Instrumental Cesarean Gestational diabetes (n/%) 0.79 x = 0.07 101/95.3 5/4.7 No 85/94.74 Yes 5/5.6 complications. Additionally, exercise could help to avoid the excessive weight gain and its maternal and fetus complications. More randomized con- trolled trials are needed to confirm t Variables were collected during pregnancy and at the moment of delivery. A x test was used to analyze the categorical and nominal variables. Student's test was used to assess quantitative variables. Contingency coefficient was used to determinate the effect size. EG indicates exercise group; and CG, control group. * Significant at p < .05
Transcribed Image Text:upervised aerobic dance and strength individual use only. lication or distribution prohibited by law. sive weight gain and many serious maternal and fetus complications, 48-30 In the present study, analyses of pre- Table 1 Maternal Characteristics* pregnancy BMI categories were similar between groups at the beginning of the study (p= .68). However, weight gain after the intervention period showed a significant difference. Fewer women in EG exceeded the IOM's recommenda- tions (p= .026). The positive effect of exercise on preventing excessive weight gain has also been recently demonstrated by other authors.1.52 Haakstad et al.1 EG (N = 107) CG (N = 93) Variable Age (years) BMIT 31.57 + 3.87 31.51 + 3.92 0.90 23.78 + 4.40 24.09 + 4.32 0.68 Group prepregnancy BMI index (n/%) <18 1/9 2/2.2 0.71; = 1.35 18-24.9 73/68.9 58/64.4 25/23.6 7/6.6 25-29.9 21/23.3 >30 9/10 Smoking during pregnancy (n/%) examined the effect of 60-minute 0.07: = 5.17 96/89.7 11/10.3 77/86.5 12/13.4 No %3D supervised aerobic dance and strength training at least twice per week for a minimum of 12 weeks in 105 sedentary, nulliparous pregnant women (EG, n = 52; CG, n = 53) and found fewer Yes Parity (n/%) Nullipara 0.62; x = 0.92 65/60.7 37/34.6 5/4.7 48/53.9 36/40.4 5/5.6 One before Two or more women in the EG than in the CG * EG indicates exercise group; and CG, control group. † BMI: Body mass index at the beginning of the study. Variables were collected at baseline. A x? test was used to analyze the categorical and nominal variables. Student's test was used to assess quantitative variables. exceeded the IOM recommendations. The effectiveness of exercise has also been demonstrated even among over- weight and obese pregnant women. Mottola et al.52 showed that a walking and nutrition intervention reduces the risk of excessive pregnancy weight gain with minimal weight retention at 2 months postpartum in overweight and obese women. Hypertension during pregnancy is related to several prenatal complica- tions, including preterm delivery, and Table 2 Maternal Outcomest uding EG (N = 107) CG (N = 93) is the leading cause of maternal mor- tality worldwide.3 The results of this Variable Effect Size Gestational age (days) 276.23 + 13.35 274.40 ± 15.50 0.37 study show that regular exercise during pregnancy does not increase the risk of developing hypertension. Furthermore case-control studies in the United States showed the protective effects of Preterm delivery (n/%) Birth >259 days Birth <259 days Maternal weight gain (kg) 11.72 + 4.06 102/96.2 87/95.6 0.82 y = 0.049 4/3.8 4/4.4 13.66 ± 9.62 0.06 Blood pressure (mmHg) exercise on hypertension during preg- 14,54 nancy." Systolic Diastolic 114.45 + 10.43 113.33 + 11.37 0.49 No statistical differences were found 67.99 + 9.00 67.60 + 6.89 0.74 between groups in the rest of maternal and fetal outcomes. Maternal weight gain according to recommendation (n/%) Excessive 22/21.2 31/35.6 0.02' = 4.95 0.16 This randomized controlled trial Adequate 82/78.8 56/64.4 reinforces that a supervised, regular, moderate physical exercise program during pregnancy does not have any adverse effect on maternal and fetal well-being. Our findings have clinical relevance and promote exercise pro- grams throughout pregnancy for preg- nant women without any obstetric Type of delivery (n/%) Normal 0.14 x = 3.84 52/57.1 13/14.3 26/28.6 72/68.6 15/14.3 18/17.1 Instrumental Cesarean Gestational diabetes (n/%) 0.79 x = 0.07 101/95.3 5/4.7 No 85/94.74 Yes 5/5.6 complications. Additionally, exercise could help to avoid the excessive weight gain and its maternal and fetus complications. More randomized con- trolled trials are needed to confirm t Variables were collected during pregnancy and at the moment of delivery. A x test was used to analyze the categorical and nominal variables. Student's test was used to assess quantitative variables. Contingency coefficient was used to determinate the effect size. EG indicates exercise group; and CG, control group. * Significant at p < .05
upervised aerobic dance and strength individual use only. lication or distribution prohibited by law. sive weight gain and many serious maternal and fetus complications, 48-30 In the present study, analyses of pre- Table 1 Maternal Characteristics* pregnancy BMI categories were similar between groups at the beginning of the study (p= .68). However, weight gain after the intervention period showed a significant difference. Fewer women in EG exceeded the IOM's recommenda- tions (p= .026). The positive effect of exercise on preventing excessive weight gain has also been recently demonstrated by other authors.1.52 Haakstad et al.1 EG (N = 107) CG (N = 93) Variable Age (years) BMIT 31.57 + 3.87 31.51 + 3.92 0.90 23.78 + 4.40 24.09 + 4.32 0.68 Group prepregnancy BMI index (n/%) <18 1/9 2/2.2 0.71; = 1.35 18-24.9 73/68.9 58/64.4 25/23.6 7/6.6 25-29.9 21/23.3 >30 9/10 Smoking during pregnancy (n/%) examined the effect of 60-minute 0.07: = 5.17 96/89.7 11/10.3 77/86.5 12/13.4 No %3D supervised aerobic dance and strength training at least twice per week for a minimum of 12 weeks in 105 sedentary, nulliparous pregnant women (EG, n = 52; CG, n = 53) and found fewer Yes Parity (n/%) Nullipara 0.62; x = 0.92 65/60.7 37/34.6 5/4.7 48/53.9 36/40.4 5/5.6 One before Two or more women in the EG than in the CG * EG indicates exercise group; and CG, control group. † BMI: Body mass index at the beginning of the study. Variables were collected at baseline. A x? test was used to analyze the categorical and nominal variables. Student's test was used to assess quantitative variables. exceeded the IOM recommendations. The effectiveness of exercise has also been demonstrated even among over- weight and obese pregnant women. Mottola et al.52 showed that a walking and nutrition intervention reduces the risk of excessive pregnancy weight gain with minimal weight retention at 2 months postpartum in overweight and obese women. Hypertension during pregnancy is related to several prenatal complica- tions, including preterm delivery, and Table 2 Maternal Outcomest uding EG (N = 107) CG (N = 93) is the leading cause of maternal mor- tality worldwide.3 The results of this Variable Effect Size Gestational age (days) 276.23 + 13.35 274.40 ± 15.50 0.37 study show that regular exercise during pregnancy does not increase the risk of developing hypertension. Furthermore case-control studies in the United States showed the protective effects of Preterm delivery (n/%) Birth >259 days Birth <259 days Maternal weight gain (kg) 11.72 + 4.06 102/96.2 87/95.6 0.82 y = 0.049 4/3.8 4/4.4 13.66 ± 9.62 0.06 Blood pressure (mmHg) exercise on hypertension during preg- 14,54 nancy." Systolic Diastolic 114.45 + 10.43 113.33 + 11.37 0.49 No statistical differences were found 67.99 + 9.00 67.60 + 6.89 0.74 between groups in the rest of maternal and fetal outcomes. Maternal weight gain according to recommendation (n/%) Excessive 22/21.2 31/35.6 0.02' = 4.95 0.16 This randomized controlled trial Adequate 82/78.8 56/64.4 reinforces that a supervised, regular, moderate physical exercise program during pregnancy does not have any adverse effect on maternal and fetal well-being. Our findings have clinical relevance and promote exercise pro- grams throughout pregnancy for preg- nant women without any obstetric Type of delivery (n/%) Normal 0.14 x = 3.84 52/57.1 13/14.3 26/28.6 72/68.6 15/14.3 18/17.1 Instrumental Cesarean Gestational diabetes (n/%) 0.79 x = 0.07 101/95.3 5/4.7 No 85/94.74 Yes 5/5.6 complications. Additionally, exercise could help to avoid the excessive weight gain and its maternal and fetus complications. More randomized con- trolled trials are needed to confirm t Variables were collected during pregnancy and at the moment of delivery. A x test was used to analyze the categorical and nominal variables. Student's test was used to assess quantitative variables. Contingency coefficient was used to determinate the effect size. EG indicates exercise group; and CG, control group. * Significant at p < .05
Transcribed Image Text:upervised aerobic dance and strength individual use only. lication or distribution prohibited by law. sive weight gain and many serious maternal and fetus complications, 48-30 In the present study, analyses of pre- Table 1 Maternal Characteristics* pregnancy BMI categories were similar between groups at the beginning of the study (p= .68). However, weight gain after the intervention period showed a significant difference. Fewer women in EG exceeded the IOM's recommenda- tions (p= .026). The positive effect of exercise on preventing excessive weight gain has also been recently demonstrated by other authors.1.52 Haakstad et al.1 EG (N = 107) CG (N = 93) Variable Age (years) BMIT 31.57 + 3.87 31.51 + 3.92 0.90 23.78 + 4.40 24.09 + 4.32 0.68 Group prepregnancy BMI index (n/%) <18 1/9 2/2.2 0.71; = 1.35 18-24.9 73/68.9 58/64.4 25/23.6 7/6.6 25-29.9 21/23.3 >30 9/10 Smoking during pregnancy (n/%) examined the effect of 60-minute 0.07: = 5.17 96/89.7 11/10.3 77/86.5 12/13.4 No %3D supervised aerobic dance and strength training at least twice per week for a minimum of 12 weeks in 105 sedentary, nulliparous pregnant women (EG, n = 52; CG, n = 53) and found fewer Yes Parity (n/%) Nullipara 0.62; x = 0.92 65/60.7 37/34.6 5/4.7 48/53.9 36/40.4 5/5.6 One before Two or more women in the EG than in the CG * EG indicates exercise group; and CG, control group. † BMI: Body mass index at the beginning of the study. Variables were collected at baseline. A x? test was used to analyze the categorical and nominal variables. Student's test was used to assess quantitative variables. exceeded the IOM recommendations. The effectiveness of exercise has also been demonstrated even among over- weight and obese pregnant women. Mottola et al.52 showed that a walking and nutrition intervention reduces the risk of excessive pregnancy weight gain with minimal weight retention at 2 months postpartum in overweight and obese women. Hypertension during pregnancy is related to several prenatal complica- tions, including preterm delivery, and Table 2 Maternal Outcomest uding EG (N = 107) CG (N = 93) is the leading cause of maternal mor- tality worldwide.3 The results of this Variable Effect Size Gestational age (days) 276.23 + 13.35 274.40 ± 15.50 0.37 study show that regular exercise during pregnancy does not increase the risk of developing hypertension. Furthermore case-control studies in the United States showed the protective effects of Preterm delivery (n/%) Birth >259 days Birth <259 days Maternal weight gain (kg) 11.72 + 4.06 102/96.2 87/95.6 0.82 y = 0.049 4/3.8 4/4.4 13.66 ± 9.62 0.06 Blood pressure (mmHg) exercise on hypertension during preg- 14,54 nancy." Systolic Diastolic 114.45 + 10.43 113.33 + 11.37 0.49 No statistical differences were found 67.99 + 9.00 67.60 + 6.89 0.74 between groups in the rest of maternal and fetal outcomes. Maternal weight gain according to recommendation (n/%) Excessive 22/21.2 31/35.6 0.02' = 4.95 0.16 This randomized controlled trial Adequate 82/78.8 56/64.4 reinforces that a supervised, regular, moderate physical exercise program during pregnancy does not have any adverse effect on maternal and fetal well-being. Our findings have clinical relevance and promote exercise pro- grams throughout pregnancy for preg- nant women without any obstetric Type of delivery (n/%) Normal 0.14 x = 3.84 52/57.1 13/14.3 26/28.6 72/68.6 15/14.3 18/17.1 Instrumental Cesarean Gestational diabetes (n/%) 0.79 x = 0.07 101/95.3 5/4.7 No 85/94.74 Yes 5/5.6 complications. Additionally, exercise could help to avoid the excessive weight gain and its maternal and fetus complications. More randomized con- trolled trials are needed to confirm t Variables were collected during pregnancy and at the moment of delivery. A x test was used to analyze the categorical and nominal variables. Student's test was used to assess quantitative variables. Contingency coefficient was used to determinate the effect size. EG indicates exercise group; and CG, control group. * Significant at p < .05
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