1.Photoreactivation is called a direct reversal of DNA damage. Mismatch repair, Nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair correct DNA mismatches and damaged bases, but these systems are not considered direct repair. what two general steps do these indirect repair systems have in common?.

Q: 2. One repair mechanism for double-strand breaks involves the unwinding of the damaged DNA followed…

A: Introduction  Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, is the molecule that carries the genetic…

Q: Explain why are errors in DNA replication so rare, what enzymatic activity, in addition to…

A: DNA replication: Transmission of chromosomal DNA from generation to generation is achieved when DNA…

Q: 1. What does PCR allow you to do with DNA?

A: The separated and identified PCR results are then used to characterize the STR region under…

Q: A pyrimidine dimer which is a bulky lesion has mutated an E. coli cell's DNA. Describe both the…

A: The DNA damage can be repaired by several mechanisms that includes direct repair, excision repair,…

Q: How are Recombinant DNA formed?What is the difference between genetic modification and selective…

A: Recombinant DNA technology is a new approach to modify the genome of a host organism by joining two…

Q: 1. Which of the following is the correct order for the steps in DNA extraction? I. Precipitation of…

A: Hi! Since you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which to answer, we are…

Q: 3. What is a restriction digest? What does it mean if you were given a precut DNA? 4. What is…

A: Restriction digest It is the process of cutting DNA molecules into smaller pieces with special…

Q: 1. Determine what is being meant by the statements: a. What is a binary vector? What characteristic…

A: A vector is a DNA molecule that is used in molecular cloning to intentionally transport foreign…

Q: 1.Make a flow diagram to describe each of the prokaryotic DNA repair mechanism 2. Give 2 examples of…

A: DNA repair is a constant process in the cells where the damage is repaired. The cell contains a…

Q: Provide a detailed description and hand drawn figure of each of the following. (1) Mismatch…

A: Although the genetic variation is important for evolution, the survival of the individual demands…

Q: 3. One repair mechanism for double-strand breaks involves the unwinding of the damaged DNA followed…

A: DNA repair is the correction of incorrect nucleotides or missing nucleotides in a single strand or…

Q: Mutation rates are typically low due toa. proofreading by DNA polymerase.b. DNA repair enzymes.c.…

A: BASIC INFORMATION  MUTATION  It is sudden or discontinuous variation These changes occurs in the…

Q: Give 2 advantages of SPACER DNA SEQUENCES as regions in the genome/chromosome to target for DNA…

A: "Biotechnology" is the use of our knowledge of biological processes to the development of beneficial…

Q: 7. The cloned gene of interest is inserted where in the Ti plasmid? A. just prior to the T-DNA B.…

A: Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a technique that employs enzymes to cut and paste back DNA sequences of…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE: a) Okazaki fragments are short DNA pieces that explain how the DNA polymerase can…

A: DNA replication process is semi conservative. The semi conservative replication of DNA refers to the…

Q: II. The base composition of a single stranded DNA, which is 1000 bases long is the following: A =…

A: A parent DNA molecule makes two DNA double helix in a single round of DNA replication.

Q: 4. When discussing mismatch repair and base repair mechanisms: a. Compare and contrast the two…

A: DNA repair is defined as a set of mechanisms ;by using which cell is able to repair the DNA…

Q: Smoking status is a known risk factor for lung cancer development. Researchers are conducting a…

A:

Q: . Illustrate the basic steps in DNA extraction

A: The genetic material that is densely packed inside the nucleus and chromosomes is known as DNA. The…

Q: 1.a How does a cell recognize which strand is the sense strand? b. How does the RNA polymerase…

A: One of the important process in central dogma. It is a process of making a RNA copy using DNA; it is…

Q: 6. Assume that you are working at a biotechnology company and you are assigned to a project in which…

A: Protein purification is a set of procedures for isolating a single or a few proteins from a…

Q: 2. How does the universality of the genetic code make the recombinant DNA technology possible?

A: A nucleic acid is a linear polymer of nucleotides that is a component of the cell's information…

Q: 1/ Why is Thermus aquaticus so useful: O t is necessary for the mass production of bacteria…

A: Given:  Thermus aquaticus is a thermophillic bacteria.It belongs to family thermaceae.Thermus…

Q: 1. A new drug was developed to inhibit RNA transcription of a new strain of bacteria infected in…

A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Q: 1. Explain the three phases of DNA Replication of eukaryotic cell as illustrated below and define…

A: DNA Replication is the process through which DNA copies itself. The double stranded molecule…

Q: 3. Listed within this chart are descriptions of a variety of DNA mutations. Your job is to fill in…

A: *Mutations cause change in  DNA sequence thar are resulted from DNA copying errors during cell…

Q: Describe or explain how the presence of a thymine dimer in DNA being used as the template strand…

A: The mutation is the sudden deleterious effects in the DNA sequences, they can arise when the DNA is…

Q: 1) Recombinant DNA technology and selective breeding are 2 techniques that seek to produce desirable…

A: WHAT IS RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND SELECTIVE BREEDING ? - Recombinant DNA technology simply…

Q: explain why it is far less important for Primase to have proofreading activity than it is for DNA…

A: DNA proofreading is error correction process, in which DNA polymerase checks the each nucleotide…

Q: 1) Explain why the process of DNA replication is slower on the lagging strand than on the leading…

A: DNA replication is a process in which from one Duplex DNA ,two identical copies of DNA is…

Q: What is the mechanism of action of ultraviolet radiation in bacterial mutation?

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 3. Explain in your own words the methods used to collect your cheek cells and to extract the DNA. Be…

A: DNA extraction

Q: Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about DNA repair?   Question 24 options:     Ensure…

A: DNA repair It is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the…

Q: Identify the three protein complexes/enzymes important in eukaryotic DNA replication A. Enhancer,…

A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy-ribose nucleic acid in which…

Q: Explain the differences in between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair.

A: Definition- Base Excision Repair- it is cellular mechanism,which repairs damaged DNA by removing…

Q: 1. The following gel was produced in manual DNA sequencing. What would the unknown DNA template be…

A: The method of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA – is known as…

Q: What is the name of the process by which bacteria pick up a different organism’s genetic material?

A: 4. A bacterium takes up a fragment of DNA circulating in its surroundings during transformation. A…

Q: Ultraviolet light causes thymine dimers to form in DNA. Some individuals are genetically incapable…

A: Ultraviolet light causes thymine dimers to form in DNA. Some individuals are genetically incapable…

Q: 4. Given the following problems in bacterial DNA replication, identify the defective enzyme or…

A: In bacterial DNA replication is mainly carried out by DNA polymerase that synthesize the new strand…

Q: Describe several different DNA repair mechanisms. Which ones contribute to mutations?

A: "Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. if you want any…

Q: Restriction enzymes in bacterial cytoplasm cut injected bacteriophage DNA wherever certain sequences…

A: Enzymes are the protein which acts as catalyst in the chemical reactions. Enzymes neither takes part…

Q: 13.    In bacteria, mismatch repair involves: A.    DNA glycosylase/lyase B.    AP endonuclease C.…

A: Introduction DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms, It transmits…

Q: 7. Discuss the modes of actions by which the following three compounds disrupt DNA- associated…

A: Whether its a cancer cell trying to multiply inorder to generate more cancer cell or a pathogen…

Q: How does nucleotide-excision repair differ from base-excision repair? Base-excision repair…

A: DNA repair system consists of 3 type of mechanisms base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair…

Q: Suggest reasons for why DNA mutations are not all phenotypic.

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first question only. so please kindly post the…

Q: Studies have confirmed that damaged to both the double standards can be reversed via single stranded…

A: Many factors can affect the integrity of DNA. Any alteration or impairment in DNA will eventually…

Q: 2. For each DNA repair process in column I, list all characteristics from column II that correctly…

A: Genetic stability is maintained through various repair mechanisms. These remove the lesions from the…

Q: 1.) What are the different temperatures used in PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?   What happens at…

A: Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR is a technique that used for making copies or amplify  small…

Tissue regeneration & repair

Tissue regeneration involves the restoration of tissue components by regrowth of damaged tissues. In contrast, tissue repair involves patching of injured tissue rather than restoring it. It is the proliferative capacity of the cells that decides the amount of regeneration against the repair that would occur in the tissue. Both regeneration and repair depending on the duration of the injury and response to the inflammation.