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- 1. ls a random mutation more likely to be beneficial or harmful? Explain your answer 2. Distinguish between spontaneous and induced mutations. Which are more harmful? Which are avoidable?3). Explain a substitution mutation 4) Explain a deletion mutation 5). Explain an insertion mutation1. Suggest reasons for why DNA mutations are not all phenotypic. 2. A mutant bacteria has been found which lacks all DNA methylation enzymes. How would this mutation affect the fidelity of mismatch repair?
- 3) What is the difference between a synonomous and non-synonomous mutation? What is another name for the synonomous mutation?1A) Which of the following best explains Griffith’s transformation experiments? Two strains of S. pneumoniae were used for the experiment. Griffith injected a mouse with heat-inactivated S strain (pathogenic) and living R strain (non-pathogenic). The mouse died and living S strain was recovered from the dead mouse. From this, it was later concluded that that mutation occurred in the DNA of the R-strain cells thus transforming them into a pathogenic S strain. Two strains of S. pneumoniae were used for the experiment. Griffith injected a mouse with heat-inactivated S strain (pathogenic) and living R strain (non-pathogenic). The mouse died and living S strain was recovered from the dead mouse. From this observation, it was later concluded that external DNA from the inactivated S strain was taken up by the R-strain cells thus transforming them into a pathogenic S strain. Two strains of S. pneumoniae were used for the experiment. Griffith injected a mouse…1. How would you determine experimentally mutagenesis caused by stress? 2. What are the evolutionary advantages associated with stress-induced mutagenesis? 3. How do bacteria cope with mutagenesis? List and explain at least three way
- 2. Discuss the use of transposons as mutagens in bacteria.Why are antibiotic resistance markers such as ampR important components of bacterial plasmid cloning vectors? a. The plasmid must have resistance to accept DNA inserts. b. They allow the detection of plasmids that contain an inserted DNA fragment. c. They ensure the presence of the ori site. d. They ensure that the plasmid can be cut by a restriction enzyme. e. They allow identification of bacteria that have taken up a plasmid.1. Explain the evolutionary significance of mutations.
- 1. List four general methods for experimentally inhibiting the activity of a specific gene with citations.1. How can site-specific recombination be used in recombinant DNA technology? Answer and explain comprehensively.Which of the following statements correctly identifies whether the indicated mutation is a transition or transversion mutation? A. A=T to G≡C is a transversion mutation. B. C≡G to A=T is a transversion mutation. C. T=A to C≡G is a transversion mutation. D. G≡C to T=A is a transition mutation.