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- India’s Tata Motors was moving forward with a strategy focused on small inexpensive cars, even though this was a highly competitive market segment, dominated by Japanese auto makers. The company’s aim was to design a small car that would be significantly cheaper to make and buy than any other model, and thus to satisfy India’s mass market demand for low – cost transportation. The result was the Nano, with a sales price of 100, 000 rupees (US$2,500), which was half the price of its closest competitor in India. Tata Motors achieved this by designing everything from scratch, deleting features that were taken for granted by other auto makers (for example air conditioning, power brakes, radios), using lightweight steel and an aluminium engine, and building in fuel efficiency. Being the part of such a large TATA group is itself a competitive advantage. This affiliation provides the company with the needed knowledge and technology resources for taking their business to various parts of the…do only question 8Find the SPNE for the centipede game. Centipede game: Two players, 1 and 2, take turns choosing one of two actions each time, continue or stop. They both start with $1 in their respective piles, and each time i says continue, $1 is taken away from his pile, and $2 are added to the other player's pile. The game automatically stops when both players have $100 in their respective piles.
- What is the approximate value of Annie’s brand/store compared to Sam’s for an otherwise equal apple tree? What is the estimate for market share for Annie if she sells Gal Apple Trees at $15.95 vs. Sam selling golden Delicious trees at $24.95.?Rail Tours, Inc., sells packaged tours on rail lines, including gourmet meals and a reserved bed. The most popular tours are in the autumn, when foliage colors are at their peak. The overnight package for Saturday and Sunday morning are especially heavily booked. A market survey firm has just completed a study in which they conclude that if the package cost is $200 per couple, then Rail Tours can expect to sell 400 spaces on a typical Saturday. If the price is raised to $225, then unit sales will drop to 390. If the price is raised further to $250, unit sales drop to 380. a) From the data given, write down the demand equation and determine its intercepts. Are there any precautions needed when operating at the extreme ends of the demand curve?b) The survey firm also reports that if per capita income changes, Rail Tours can expect a large change in bookings. In particular, if per capita income falls by 1%, then bookings will tend to fall by about 2%. Are tour packages a normal good?…Question Management of AG Travel and Tour has identified two groups of individuals thatwould be interested in the vacation package consisting of room and board and/orentertainment. The maximum amount that group 1 is willing to pay for room andboard is GHC 2500 and for entertainment is GHC 500. For group 2, the maximumamount they are willing to pay for room and board is GHC 1800 and forentertainment is GHC 750. Although AG Travel and Tour is not able to identifymembers of either group, it does know that each group values the components ofthe package differently. Assuming there are an equal number of members in eachgroup and that the total membership in each group is a single individual. If themarginal cost of providing the service (room and board and/or entertainment) toeach group is GHC 1000. i. How much will the hotel charge members of each group for the vacationpackage if it could identify the members in each group?ii. How much will the profit for AG Travel and Tour be? iii. Since AG…
- Engro Foods (Pvt) Ltd. is a FMCG manufacturer in Pakistan. Its main products are milk, icecream, and flavored juices. Last year the company has sold around 8 million units of milk, 5million units of ice-cream and 3 million units of flavored juices. The average current marketprice of the milk is Rs.100; the ice-cream is 60; and the Juices is Rs.40.In an attempt to improve revenue, the managers of the company have decided to increase allprices by 5%. Market research has suggested that the price elasticity of demand for eachproduct is: Milk: (-) 1.5; Ice-cream: (-) 1.0; Flavored juices: (-) 0.5You are required to calculate, evaluate and suggest the planned price change on followingsituations.a. Would a 5% price increase have been better for some or all of the products?b. Would a 5% price reduction have been better for some or all of the products?c. Should the company retain their current market price? If yes then why? If not thenwhy not?d. How Engro Foods (Pvt) Ltd. can maximize their…In the post lockdown scenario it is expected that with economic activity slowing down,impacting buying power of consumers, demand will shift towards smaller cars or low price carsand first time buyers. MarutiUdhyog Ltd.(MUL) is faced with a dilemma. If it retains its presentlevel of profit margin, it will continue to lose its market share and if it cuts down the price toretain the demand for its car and its market share it loses the profit volume. What in youropinion should be the objective of MUL.A major South African city generates electricity and sells it to its consumers. The city faces competition from independentrenewable power producers who also have licences to sell electricity to the public. The city however has cost advantagesdue to its size, but it is concerned of the political and economic ramifications of raising its tariffs, in these uncertaineconomic times. As a result, it is highly likely that tariffs will remain unchanged over the next financial year. The city’smarginal revenue is given as R3 000, and its costs are given as follows:TC = R82 000 + R1 000 + 0.01q2 MCMC= R1 000 + R0.02q4.1 Assess the efficiency arguments in favour of and against the renewable energy generation in SouthAfrica
- The poinsettia is a wildflower native to Mexico. It was almost unknown in the U.S. until the Ecke family began selling them in the early 1900s from their flower stand in California. A member of the Ecke family discovered a grafting process that resulted in a much thicker and more colorful poinsettia plant, which became hugely popular at Christmas. The Ecke family did not attempt to patent the grafting process, but instead managed to keep the process a secret for many decades, and so maintained a monopoly on the commercial production of poinsettias for all those years. Eventually, a university professor figured out the grafting technique, and published it in an academic journal. What do you think happened to the price of poinsettias after publication of that article? Why?Once your producers understand the “I WANT $3” game, you will present the “I WANT TO BE A MILLIONAIRE” game. Its rules are: There are two contestants/opponents (who do not know each other and cannot communicate with each other during the game). Each player is given $1 million at the start of the game. Independently and simultaneously, each player must choose to add to their award $0, $1, $2, $3, $4, ……$999,999, or $1,000,000. Doing so decreases the other player’s award by twice that amount. Each player ends the game with a payoff based on their initial one million, the additional amount that they announced, and the reduction due to the opponent’s announcement. The game matrix for this expanded game has 1,000,001 rows, 1,000,001 columns, and 1,000,002,000,001 pairs of payoffs. I STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT YOU DO NOT DRAW IT! But building on what you learned in part (a), answer the following two questions: i) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? ii) What are the Nash…A local college is deciding whether to conduct a campus beautification initiative that would involve various projects, such as planting trees and remodeling buildings, to make the campus more aesthetically pleasing. For the students of the college, the visual appearance of the campus is and . Thus, the visual appearance would be classified as a public good. Suppose the college administrators estimate that the beautification initiative will cost $66,120. To decide whether the initiative should be undertaken, administrators conduct a survey of the college's 1,820 students, asking each of them their willingness to pay for the beautification project. The average willingness to pay, as revealed by the survey, is $28. The benefit of the beautification initiative, as suggested by the survey, is . Because the estimated benefit is than the cost, the college administrators undertake the beautification initiative. The calculation of the benefit of the beautification…