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- Understanding the Mechanism of Hemolytic Anemia Genetic defects in glycolytic enzymes can have serious consequences for humans For example, defects in the gene for pyruvate kinase can result in a condition known as hemolytic anemia. Consult a reference to learn about hemolytic anemia, and discuss why such genetic defects lead to this condition.Considering the chemicalequation of the aerobiccellular respiration whichmolecules does the cell needand which molecules does itliberate in the process?Given the overall equation for respiration (C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O), in which step(s) in the respiratory pathway is/are each of the reactants used up and each of the products made? Photosynthetic reactions require NADPH while NADH is involved in aerobic respiration. These two molecules regulate both the biosynthetic and the catabolic activity of the cell. Explain how they do this. Note that NAD+ kinase phosphorylates NAD+ to produce NADPH+.
- Briefly describe the role that phosphofructokinase plays in cellular respiration. Describe the impact a lack of phosphofructokinase would have on cellular respiration and one sign and/or symptom that may be present in someone who suffers from this disorder.The functional respiration unit within the mitochondria ofplants and animals is called the _______________.In the early days of “mitochondriology,” P/O ratios were determined frommeasurements of volume of O2 taken up by respiring mitochondria andchemical assays for disappearance of inorganic phosphate. Now, however, itis possible to measure P/O ratios simply with a recording oxygen electrode.How might this be done?
- Discuss atleast 3 differences and similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.If isolated mitochondria are incubated with asource of electrons such as succinate, but without oxygen,electrons enter the respiratory chain, reducing each of theelectron carriers almost completely. When oxygen is thenintroduced, the carriers become oxidized at different rates(Figure Q14–1). How does this result allow you to order the electron carriers in the respiratory chain? What is theirorder?Glucose provides both blank and blank for the ETc in cellular respiration
- Study statements “a” through “d”. They are descriptions that summarize cellular respiration. Placed an order from first to last. A. Water and heat are released as byproducts. B. Glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon chains in the absence of oxygen. C. Carbon dioxide and ATP are made when the 3-carbon chains are broken down. D. Oxygen is used to produce as many as 38 ATPs.Assuming that 3 H+ are transported per ATP synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix, the membrane potential difference is 0.18V (negative inside), and the pH difference is 2 unit (acid outside, basic inside), calculate the largest ratio of ATP/(ADP)(Pi) under which synthesis of ATP can occur. (gas constant 8.3J/mole, F is 96,485 kJ/V, T in , Co +273)When muscle cells are very active during exercise, they use more ATP energy.Explain how this is related to increased breathing rate and depth (taking moreand deeper breaths) both during exercise and for some time after you finishexercising. Be specific about the cellular respiration processes, inputs, andoutputs occurring in the cells that cause your body to respond with a changein breathing.
