11.59 Referring to Figure 11.28, describe all the phase changes that would occur in each of the following cases: (a) Water vapor originally at 0.005 atm and -0.5°C is slowly com- pressed at constant temperature until the final pressure is 20 atm. (b) Water originally at 100.0 °C and 0.50 atm is cooled at constant pressure until the temperature is -10 °C. The Phase Diagrams of H20 and CO2 Figure 11.28 shows the phase diagram of H2O. Because of the large range of pressures cov- red in the diagram, a logarithmic scale is used to represent pressure. The melting curve lue line) of H2O is atypical, slanting slightly to the left with increasing pressure, indi- cating that for water the melting point decreases with increasing pressure. This unusual behavior occurs because water is among the very few substances whose liquid form is more compact than its solid form, as we learned in Section 11.2. Figure 11.28 Phase diagram of H20. Note that a linear scale is used to represent temperature and a logarithmic scale to represent pressure. 103 Supercritical fluid Liquid 102 Critical point (374.4 °C, 217.7 atm) 10 1 Solid 10-1 Gas 10-2 Triple point (0.0098 °C, 0.00603 atm) 10-3 10-4 -200 600 400 200 0 Temperature (C) Pressure (atm)
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