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3. Results and Discussion It is distressing that the mortality rates linked to Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia man- drillaris have remained significantly high despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Given the rise in global temperatures and the increasing dependence of the public on water storage tanks where these amoebae thrive, especially in developing countries; it is likely that the number of infections due to these amoebae will increase, thus it is imperative to promptly develop effective treatments against these devastating and fatal infections. Considering that many of the drugs currently employed in the treatment of N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, rifampin and miltefosine, are repurposed drugs that were used clinically against other diseases [23]. These drugs have severe side effects including hepatoxicity, and thus high concentrations are needed. In this study, we have evaluated a range of laboratory and clinically-used compounds including metformin, quinclorac, indaziflam, inositol, nateglinide, 2,6-DNBT, trans-cinnamic acid, terbuthylazine, acarbose, glimepiride, vildagliptin, cellulase, thaxtomin A, repaglinide and dimethyl peptidase (IV) inhibitor to determine their effects against N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris cells. 1,749 རྩ སཾ ཐཾ ཤྲཱ སཱཾ 。 10:57 Antiamoebic Properties_of_Labo ‧ སྲ ཎྜ ཐཱ ཎྜ ྃ་ ཥ སཱ ཎྜ རྟ ཎྜ ྃ Metformin Quinclorac Indazifam Inositol Nateglinide 2,6-DNBT Trans-Cinnamic acid Glimepiride ༈ ༈ ༈ ༈ ཎྜ ༈ Terbutylazine L..... _ Vildagliptin རྩ ཝཾ ཙ ལཾ། ཞེ 88888 Acarbose Cellulase 11 Done Thaxtomin A Repaglinde DPP4 inhibitor ..... 6 of 1 Figure 1. The amoebicidal activities of compounds against N. fowleri trophozoites. N. fowleri tropho zoites were incubated with various concentrations of compounds for 24 h and trophozoites viability was determined using Trypan blue. Percentage amoebicidal activity was calculated by: [((RPM cell count - cell count for sample)/RPMI cell count) x 100)]. The activities of solvents alone wer negated from the activities of the compounds. The data is presented as the mean ± standard erro (*: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001 using student t-test; two tailed distribution).

3. Results and Discussion It is distressing that the mortality rates linked to Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia man- drillaris have remained significantly high despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Given the rise in global temperatures and the increasing dependence of the public on water storage tanks where these amoebae thrive, especially in developing countries; it is likely that the number of infections due to these amoebae will increase, thus it is imperative to promptly develop effective treatments against these devastating and fatal infections. Considering that many of the drugs currently employed in the treatment of N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, rifampin and miltefosine, are repurposed drugs that were used clinically against other diseases [23]. These drugs have severe side effects including hepatoxicity, and thus high concentrations are needed. In this study, we have evaluated a range of laboratory and clinically-used compounds including metformin, quinclorac, indaziflam, inositol, nateglinide, 2,6-DNBT, trans-cinnamic acid, terbuthylazine, acarbose, glimepiride, vildagliptin, cellulase, thaxtomin A, repaglinide and dimethyl peptidase (IV) inhibitor to determine their effects against N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris cells. 1,749 རྩ སཾ ཐཾ ཤྲཱ སཱཾ 。 10:57 Antiamoebic Properties_of_Labo ‧ སྲ ཎྜ ཐཱ ཎྜ ྃ་ ཥ སཱ ཎྜ རྟ ཎྜ ྃ Metformin Quinclorac Indazifam Inositol Nateglinide 2,6-DNBT Trans-Cinnamic acid Glimepiride ༈ ༈ ༈ ༈ ཎྜ ༈ Terbutylazine L..... _ Vildagliptin རྩ ཝཾ ཙ ལཾ། ཞེ 88888 Acarbose Cellulase 11 Done Thaxtomin A Repaglinde DPP4 inhibitor ..... 6 of 1 Figure 1. The amoebicidal activities of compounds against N. fowleri trophozoites. N. fowleri tropho zoites were incubated with various concentrations of compounds for 24 h and trophozoites viability was determined using Trypan blue. Percentage amoebicidal activity was calculated by: [((RPM cell count - cell count for sample)/RPMI cell count) x 100)]. The activities of solvents alone wer negated from the activities of the compounds. The data is presented as the mean ± standard erro (*: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001 using student t-test; two tailed distribution).

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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3. Results and Discussion It is distressing that the mortality rates linked to Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia man- drillaris have remained significantly high despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Given the rise in global temperatures and the increasing dependence of the public on water storage tanks where these amoebae thrive, especially in developing countries; it is likely that the number of infections due to these amoebae will increase, thus it is imperative to promptly develop effective treatments against these devastating and fatal infections. Considering that many of the drugs currently employed in the treatment of N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, rifampin and miltefosine, are repurposed drugs that were used clinically against other diseases [23]. These drugs have severe side effects including hepatoxicity, and thus high concentrations are needed. In this study, we have evaluated a range of laboratory and clinically-used compounds including metformin, quinclorac, indaziflam, inositol, nateglinide, 2,6-DNBT, trans-cinnamic acid, terbuthylazine, acarbose, glimepiride, vildagliptin, cellulase, thaxtomin A, repaglinide and dimethyl peptidase (IV) inhibitor to determine their effects against N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris cells.
Transcribed Image Text:3. Results and Discussion It is distressing that the mortality rates linked to Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia man- drillaris have remained significantly high despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Given the rise in global temperatures and the increasing dependence of the public on water storage tanks where these amoebae thrive, especially in developing countries; it is likely that the number of infections due to these amoebae will increase, thus it is imperative to promptly develop effective treatments against these devastating and fatal infections. Considering that many of the drugs currently employed in the treatment of N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, rifampin and miltefosine, are repurposed drugs that were used clinically against other diseases [23]. These drugs have severe side effects including hepatoxicity, and thus high concentrations are needed. In this study, we have evaluated a range of laboratory and clinically-used compounds including metformin, quinclorac, indaziflam, inositol, nateglinide, 2,6-DNBT, trans-cinnamic acid, terbuthylazine, acarbose, glimepiride, vildagliptin, cellulase, thaxtomin A, repaglinide and dimethyl peptidase (IV) inhibitor to determine their effects against N. fowleri and B. mandrillaris cells.
1,749 རྩ སཾ ཐཾ ཤྲཱ སཱཾ 。 10:57 Antiamoebic Properties_of_Labo ‧ སྲ ཎྜ ཐཱ ཎྜ ྃ་ ཥ སཱ ཎྜ རྟ ཎྜ ྃ Metformin Quinclorac Indazifam Inositol Nateglinide 2,6-DNBT Trans-Cinnamic acid Glimepiride ༈ ༈ ༈ ༈ ཎྜ ༈ Terbutylazine L..... _ Vildagliptin རྩ ཝཾ ཙ ལཾ། ཞེ 88888 Acarbose Cellulase 11 Done Thaxtomin A Repaglinde DPP4 inhibitor ..... 6 of 1 Figure 1. The amoebicidal activities of compounds against N. fowleri trophozoites. N. fowleri tropho zoites were incubated with various concentrations of compounds for 24 h and trophozoites viability was determined using Trypan blue. Percentage amoebicidal activity was calculated by: [((RPM cell count - cell count for sample)/RPMI cell count) x 100)]. The activities of solvents alone wer negated from the activities of the compounds. The data is presented as the mean ± standard erro (*: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001 using student t-test; two tailed distribution).
Transcribed Image Text:1,749 རྩ སཾ ཐཾ ཤྲཱ སཱཾ 。 10:57 Antiamoebic Properties_of_Labo ‧ སྲ ཎྜ ཐཱ ཎྜ ྃ་ ཥ སཱ ཎྜ རྟ ཎྜ ྃ Metformin Quinclorac Indazifam Inositol Nateglinide 2,6-DNBT Trans-Cinnamic acid Glimepiride ༈ ༈ ༈ ༈ ཎྜ ༈ Terbutylazine L..... _ Vildagliptin རྩ ཝཾ ཙ ལཾ། ཞེ 88888 Acarbose Cellulase 11 Done Thaxtomin A Repaglinde DPP4 inhibitor ..... 6 of 1 Figure 1. The amoebicidal activities of compounds against N. fowleri trophozoites. N. fowleri tropho zoites were incubated with various concentrations of compounds for 24 h and trophozoites viability was determined using Trypan blue. Percentage amoebicidal activity was calculated by: [((RPM cell count - cell count for sample)/RPMI cell count) x 100)]. The activities of solvents alone wer negated from the activities of the compounds. The data is presented as the mean ± standard erro (*: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001 using student t-test; two tailed distribution).
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