18. Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive func-tioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, theresults from other research suggest that the antioxi-dants in foods such as blueberries can reduce andeven reverse these age-related declines, at least inlaboratory rats (Joseph et al., 1999). Based on theseresults, one might theorize that the same antioxi-dants might also benefit elderly humans. Supposea researcher is interested in testing this theory. The16 adults who areresearcher obtains a sample of nolder than 65, and gives each participant a daily doseof a blueberry supplement that is very high in antioxi-dants. After taking the supplement for 6 months, theparticipants are given a standardized cognitive skills50.2. For thetest and produce a mean score of M%3Dgeneral population of elderly adults, scores on the test45 and form a normal distribution withaverage u%3Da. Can the researcher conclude that the supplementhas a significant effect on cognitive skill? Use atwo-tailed test with a = .05.%3Db. Compute Cohen's d for this study.c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcomeof the hypothesis test and the measure of effectsize would appear in a research report.

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Answered: 18. Researchers have noted a decline in…

Calculus For The Life Sciences

2nd Edition

ISBN:9780321964038

Author:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.

Publisher:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.

Chapter10: Matrices

Section10.EA: Extended Application Contagion

Problem 2EA

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The article "Teenage Physical Activity Reduces Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Later Life"+ describes a study of more than 9,000 women from Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. The women were asked about their physical activity as teenagers and at ages 30 and 50. A press release about this studyt generalized the results of this study to all American women. In the press release, the researcher who conducted the study is quoted as saying the following. Our study shows that women who are regularly physically active at any age have lower risk of cognitive impairment than those who are inactive but that being physically active at teenage is most important in preventing cognitive impairment. Answer the following four questions for this observational study. (a) What is the population of interest? O all teenage girls all women in Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon and Pennsylvania all women all women between 30 and 50 all American women (b) Was the sample selected in a reasonable way? O No,…
Numerous studies have shown that a high fat diet can have a negative effect on a child's health. A new study' suggests that a high fat diet early in life might also have a significant effect on memory and spatial ability. In the double-blind study, young rats were randomly assigned to either a high-fat diet group or to a control group. After 12 weeks on the diets, the rats were given tests of their spatial memory. The article states that "spatial memory was significantly impaired" for the high-fat diet rats, and also tells us that "there were no significant differences in amount of time exploring objects" between the two groups. The p-values for the two tests are 0.0001 and O.7. 'Underwood EL and Thompson LT, "A high-fat diet causes impairment in hippocampal memory and sex-dependent alterations in peripheral metabolism," Neural Plasticity, August 2015. (a) Which p-value goes with the test of spatial memory? 0.0001 0.7
Your research group wants to explore the possibility that a particular kind of Tibetan meditation (shamata meditation) increases the capacity of iconic memory. You go to a center where experienced Tibetan Buddhist meditators regularly practice. You randomly select 10 of these people to participate in your experiment. Your dependent variable is the number of digits recalled from iconic memory. You test them before and after a 5 weeks' intensive meditation course. You predict that their iconic memory will be enhanced (better recall) as a result of the attentional training that the meditation gives. Here is the data you collect: Before: 6;6;6;7;5;7;5;5;6;6 After: 8;7;7;8;7;8;6;7;6;8 1. What is the null hypothesis? What is the alternative hypothesis? (use symbols and not words)
In Table 4, the dependent variable is academic self-efficacy and the independent variables are 1) symptoms of anxiety and depression, 2) social loneliness, 3) financial vulnerability, and 4) hours spent on studies per week. Look at the model 2, find OR that is statistically significant. What does OR=4.01 mean in the model 2 above? Fill out the blanks and choose the right word in the parenthesis below. Low academic self-efficacy Few or moderate anxiety Odds ratio=1 (reference) Severe anxiety Odds ratio=4.01 (95% CI=2.40, 6.69) Students with severe anxiety are ( ) times ( ) likely to have low academic self-efficacy and this is statistically (significant/non-significant).
results from other research suggest that the antioxi- tioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the . Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive func- dants in foods such as blueberries may reduce and the the .05 level of significance. tioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the results from other research suggest that the antioxi- even reverse these age-related declines (Joseph et al 1999), To examine this phenomenon, suppose that a researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who ar between the ages of 65 and 75. The researcher uses a standardized test to measure cognitive performanc for each individual. The participants then begin a 2-month program in which they receive daily doses of a blueberry supplement. At the end of the 2-mont period, the researcher again measures cognitive per- formance for each participant. The results show an average increase in performance of M, = 7.4 with SS = 1215. %3D %3D D. a. Does this result support the conclusion that the antioxidant…
If the alternative hypothesis states that alcohol affects short-term memory, the null hypothesis states O alcohol does not affect short-term memory O alcohol decreases short-term memory alcohol does not decrease short-term memory
If one explanatory Variable is correlated with the error term, is there any problem of heterosdasticity in the model?
Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive functioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the results from other research suggest that the antioxidants in foods such as blueberries may reduce and even reverse these age-related declines (Joseph et al., 1999). To examine this phenomenon, suppose that a researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who are between the ages of 65 and 75. The researcher uses a standardized test to measure cognitive performance for each individual. The participants then begin a 2-month program in which they receive daily doses of a blueberry supplement. At the end of the 2-month period, the researcher again measures cognitive performance for each participant. The results show an average increase in performance of MD = 7.4 with SS = 1215. Does this result support the conclusion that the antioxidant supplement has a significant effect on cognitive performance? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. Show your computations.
Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive functioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the results from other research suggest that the antioxidants in foods such as blueberries may reduce and even reverse these age-related declines (Joseph et al., 1999). To examine this phenomenon, suppose that a researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who are between the ages of 65 and 75. The researcher uses a standardized test to measure cognitive performance for each individual. The participants then begin a 2-month program in which they receive daily doses of a blueberry supplement. At the end of the 2-month period, the researcher again measures cognitive performance for each participant. The results show an average increase in performance of Mp = 7.4 with SS = 1215. a. Does this result support the conclusion that the antioxidant supplement has a significant effect on cognitive performance? Use a two-tailed test with a = = .05. (1) Ho: (Select] ( Select ] [ Select ] H: ( Select ] […
A data set from a study that examined the effect of a specific diet on blood pressure is provided . Participants (n = 72) were randomly assigned either to a group that was put on the diet (Diet = Present) or to a group that was not put on the diet (Diet = Absent), and researchers wanted to know whether the diet had a significant impact on blood pressure. Fully interpret the results in the context of this study (i.e., report the conclusions as related to the research question).
A mutation in Gene A is thought to be associated with a disease. The mutation in Gene A is found in 5% of the population. 2% of the whole population is diagnosed with disease B at some point in their life time. 1% of the population both has the mutation and also gets diagnosed with the disease in their life time. Is the provided data adequate to test the independency of mutation in Gene A and occurrence of Disease B? If it is not, what other information or data is needed to test the independency? What is the probability of Disease B, among the individuals with the mutation in Gene A? What is the probability of having the mutation in Gene A among the individuals with Disease B? If an individual has the mutated Gene A, what is their Relative Risk of developing the disease?
Elissa Epel, a professor of health psychology at the University of California-San Francisco, studied women in high- and low-stress situations. She found that women with higher cortisol responses to stress ate significantly more sweet food and consumed more calories on the stress day compared with those with low cortisol responses, and compared with themselves on lower stress days. Increases in negative mood in response to the stressors were also significantly related to greater food consumption. These results suggest that psychophysiological responses to stress may influence subsequent eating behavior. Over time, these alterations could impact both weight and health. You are interested in studying whether college juniors or college sophomores consume more calories. You ask a sample of n, = 35 college juniors and n2 = 40 college sophomores to record their daily caloric intake for a week. The average daily caloric intake for college juniors was M1 2,423 calories, with a standard…

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