19) Consider the table of allosteric effectors and their effect on the following metabolic processes.

Q: How does the action of allosteric effectors differ in the reactions catalyzed by phosphofructokinase…

A: Glycolysis is breakdown of glucose. It is a ten step enzymatic process. Phosphofructokinase is an…

Q: What are the three reactions catalyzed by PLP? Just name them.

A: Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) refers to a coenzyme present in a variety of reactions and it is the…

Q: List two ways in which glutathione functions in red blood cells.

A: Glutathione is a tripeptide which means it is composed of three amino acids, namely- glycine,…

Q: Why might a general ATP-binding inhibitor be a bad idea? Was this a problem with the drug that was…

A: Background information about ATP ATP is chemically Adenosine-Tri-phosphate means it is formed of…

Q: Discuss the role of enzymes in metabolic regulation by describing the following  mechanisms.…

A: An enzyme is a biocatalyst that increase the rate of biochemical reaction without itself being…

Q: What is the biochemical relevance of cori cycle

A: Introduction: The chemical reactions that occur within the living body for the production of energy…

Q: Many studies that have revealed important biochemical processes in human beings, including those…

A: Biomedical research is possible by the use of some particular model animals. There are important…

Q: Define the term Allosteric Modulation?

A: The word, Allosteric, is derived from the Greek language in which Allos meaning 'other' and stereos…

Q: Different Types of Regulation require by Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways?

A: Catabolic pathway: It refers to the series of reactions that requires degradation of complex…

Q: Determine the type of inhibition by AMP? Explain

A: Inhibitors are substances which inhibit the enzyme activity by binding to the active site or…

Q: Hydroxyurea has been shown to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin in adult red blood cells,…

A: Sickle cell anemia is the disorder in which abnormality in oxygen carrying hemoglobin present in red…

Q: Describe the two models that explain the binding of allosteric enzymes. Use either model to explain…

A: The allosteric site is a site that allows molecules to either activate or inhibit the enzyme…

Q: What are the four necessary conditions that define the biochemical standard state?

A: A typical situation is an irrational situation set for something in order to create a standard…

Q: How does the "sequential" model, used to describe allosteric regulation, explain negative…

A: Allosteric regulation and negative cooperativity - Allosteric regulation of enzymes suggest that…

Q: What would be the effect on the reactions following the aconitase-catalyzed step?

A: Acetyl-CoA enters the TCA cycle to form citrate reacting with oxaloacetate. Citrate is a symmetrical…

Q: What two types of defensins contribute to the biochemical barrier?

A: Biochemical barriers are the chemical molecules synthesized within the body that act as a defence…

Q: Carbon monoxide competes with hemoglobin for 02 binding, resulting in toxicity. Is it possible that…

A: Aerobic cellular respiration, which needs oxygen, may provide energy. All of a live system's…

Q: Human blood serum contains a class of enzymes known as acid phosphatases, which hydrolyze biological…

A: The activity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction is the number of product molecules formed per unit time…

Q: Briefly explain what the "committed step" of a pathway is. Also explain why it makes sense for…

A: Hi! Thank you for the questions. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I will be…

Q: Which of the following regulators are said to act in cis?

A: The regulation of molecular biological processes is important. Poor controls on regulation lead to…

Q: BPC is a heterotropic allosteric modulator. in which way does this compound change the uptake and…

A: Hemoglobin is the protein in RBC and helps in the transport of oxygen via blood. Proper oxygen…

Q: Briefly describe the role of nucleophilic catalysis in the mechanism of the chymotrypsin reaction.

A: Chymotrypsin is the enzyme synthesized in the pancreas in the form of the inactive state known as…

Q: Deficiencies of the components of Complexes I, III, and IV tend to have severe physiological…

A: The complex I, II, III, IV, and V are the cytochrome complexes that are part of the oxidative…

Q: Human blood serum contains a class of enzymes known as acid phosphatases, which hydrolyze biological…

A: Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions inside the…

Q: Indicate which reactions of purine or pyrimidine metabolism are affected by the inhibitors (a)…

A: Purine are nitrogenous bases including adenine and guanine. Pyrimidine are nitrogenous bases…

Q: In heterotropic effectors, the allosteric effector may be different from the substrate?

A: Heterotopic allosteric effector is  not a substrate .It is a regulatory molecule which can either…

Q: What would be the effect of adequate concentration of AMP andGMP?

A: AMP: Adenosine Monophosphate GMP: Guanosine Monophosphate

Q: Briefly explain the role of the oxyanion hole for the catalysis of chymotrypsin.

A: Chymotrypsin is a seine protease. Serine protease is a class of enzyme in which catalytic mechanism…

Q: 74. Given the photo shown below, which among the following choices may cause such?

A: Right after the meal, if the samples would have been taken, it would have been increased glucose and…

Q: Ibuprofen is an inhibitor of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. By inhibiting the synthesis of…

A: An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity. By binding to…

Q: Discuss the reaction catalyzed by helicases and key aspects of their mechanisms.

A: During the DNA replication, the two strands are separated with the help of motor protein and result…

Q: List three examples of commonly employed combination of ligand and protein in affinity chromat

A: Affinity chromatography is a specific type of technique in which proteins are purified in a highly…

Q: (a) What is the role of Glu 270 in catalysis? (b) What is the role of Arg 145 in catalysis?

A: The formation of enzyme-substrate complex is the first step of enzymatic catalysis. The enzyme first…

Q: Discuss the role of feedback inhibition in the anabolism ofpurine-containing nucleotides.

A: DNA and RNA are two different forms of nucleic acids, which are biological polymers of monomer units…

Q: what kind of catalysis is the oxygen on Ser 195 participating in?

A: Enzymes catalyze (i.e. speed up) chemical reactions occurring in the body. Most enzymes are proteins…

Q: . Using the principles described in the text regarding pyridoxal phos- phate mechanisms, propose a…

A: Introduction- Serine hydroxy methyltransferase (SHMT) is known as a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent…

Q: Explain the biochemical defect that leads to Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and suggest how the defect might…

A: Introduction: Purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) play…

Q: Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine by the de novo pathway,…

A: Phospholipids are a class of lipids that consist of two fatty acyl molecules which are esterified at…

Q: Why does a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation system allow more sensitive regulation of a metabolic…

A: Enzymes catabolize metabolic processes. The enzymes are regulated in various ways: allosteric…

Q: Aspartate transcarbamoylase, which is necessary for CTP production, is an essential enzyme for the…

A: Enzymes are the biological catalysts that have the ability to increase the rate of metabolic…

Q: Describe the possible roles of allosteric modulation in theregulation of metabolic pathways.

A: Enzymes are proteins that act as a catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions without changing…

Q: 3. b. If chymotrypsin is treated with dilsopropylfluorophosphate, catalysis cannot occur even In the…

A: Chymotrypsin is a serine protease (digestive enzyme), secreted in pancreas and acts in the duodenum,…

Q: How does fructose-2,6- bisphosphate play a role as an allosteric effector?

A: A molecule that binds to an enzyme and causes allosteric effects is known as an "allosteric…

Q: Which of the following regulators are said to act in cis?

A: Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are non-coding DNA regions that influence nearby gene transcription.…

Q: Chymotrypsin preferentially binds the transition state. What is meant by that?

A: Transition state is free energy maximum state. It is an intermediate stage of enzyme-catalyzed…

Q: What biochemical reaction is catalyzed by γ-secretase? Why was it proposed that a chemical inhibitor…

A: Enzymes are proteins with catalytic power.

Q: The synthesis of compound 6 proceeds via the metabolic pathway given below. Which enzyme is most…

A: Free enzymes bind with substrate and turn into products and finally are released from the product.…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.