19. Which of the following statement about vectors are true? a. Vectors can be linear or circular b. Vector act as a vehicle to carry foreign DNA to the host cell c. Plasmids and A phages are two commonly used vectors d. YACS and BACS can be used to insert larger DNA fragments e. All of above are true

Q: 4. Complete the table below. CONJUGATION TRANSFORMATION TRANSDUCTION DEFINITION…

A: Conjugation, transformation and transduction all are the methods of the viral and bacterial…

Q: Propose a hypothesis of how remdesivir inhibits the virus's replication process. (covid)

A: Virus are obligate parasites. Viral infections are very difficult to treat as they are having very…

Q: Within prokaryotic organisms,. takes up DNA released by a donor cell that was lysed. is the process…

A: Horizontal gene transfer is a process of genetic recombination or sexual reproduction in prokaryotic…

Q: Choose the best below ? Capsid proteins are synthesized during which phase of viralreplication? a.…

A: during the replication of DNA the capsid protein are synthesized.

Q: 1. List and describe the 6 steps in the replication of T4 phage in E. coli

A: Bacteriophages also called “phages” are viruses that infect bacteria. The T4 phage is a member of…

Q: Archael promoters are most similar to those of O A. viruses O B. bacteria O C. eukaryotes O D. both…

A: Archeal Promoters:  Specific DNA sequences in the promoter are identified by transcription factors,…

Q: Which process listed below allows genetic material to be transferred from a virus-like particle that…

A: Gene transfer agents  are DNA-containing virus-like particles that are produced by some bacteria and…

Q: D) polyhedral The first step in viral infection is the recognition between the virus and the host…

A: The virus is a microscopic organism that infects other cells to survive. The virus can only…

Q: 47. When T2 phages infect bacteria and make more viruses in the presence of radioactive phosphorus,…

A: Introduction: Hershey and Chase worked with bacteriophage and E.coli to prove that DNA is the…

Q: Diagram the life cycle for a virus that uses an RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase.

A: Reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that…

Q: 32. The CRISPR-Cas system helps some prokaryotes defend against the phage! Which of the following…

A: CRISPER stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats the enzyme used is…

Q: Phage conversion in which viruses add genes to a bacterial cell can be considered to be a form of…

A: Answer: Introduction: In horizontal gene transfer, the transfer of genetic material or genes occurs…

Q: 73) Provirus is a term to describe a. The empty capsid without the genome in case of viruses with…

A: Provirus is the viral form that is integrated into the host cell DNA and replicate to transmit them…

Q: norder for a virus to replicate: O a. The host cell must lack a cell membrane O b. The genome must…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: A means of introducing a cloned gene into cells for gene therapyis viaa. liposomes.b. retroviral…

A: Gene therapy is a technique that is used to replace a mutated gene with a normal gene in order to…

Q: What are the types of in vitro virus cultivation systems (Choose all that applies)  A. Animal cell…

A: In vitro culture refers to the process of cultivating cells that are derived from the organism in a…

Q: Spread of antibiotic resistance encoded on R plasmids is via:(a) Conjugation(b) Transduction(c)…

A: A) conjunction

Q: 91) The NDV virus a. The mesogenic ND is less virulent than lentogenic than NDV b. The antigenomic…

A: NDV virus (Newcastle disease virus) :-

Q: 3. (a). Illustrate and describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles for the production of viruses. (b).…

A: Introduction :  A prokaryotic organism with only one cell is a bacteria. They lack a nucleus and…

Q: Four different types of molecules, namely A, B, C and D were isolated from a primitive life form and…

A: All of these are likely to be the genetic material for the primitive life form.

Q: The addition of DNase to a mixture of donor and recipientcells will prevent gene transfer viaa) DNA…

A: Answer is a.) DNA transformation.

Q: 13) The end product in case of DNA polymerase during the Lumpy skin disease virus replication is :…

A: The lumpy skin disease is caused by the virus capripox and in this disease the cartels get infected.

Q: The mechanism of specialized transduction relies on the improper excision of a bacteriophage genome…

A: Gene transfer is the method of inserting genetic material (DNA or a gene of interest) into cells…

Q: According to the selfish DNA hypothesis, TEs exist becausea. they offer the host a selective…

A: Selfish DNA is a sequence of DNA that have two distinct properties such as the DNA sequence spreads…

Q: 5) The RNA polymerase (DDRP), one option is incorrect : a. Can work to produce the genomic RNA of…

A: B answer is incorrect.

Q: 1. Identify the type of chromosome mutation portrayed by the illustrations that follow. The mutation…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: Match the specific parts/structures of the B-virus below 65 nm D Pin E (a) A T-even bacteriophage A…

A: Bacteriophage is a virus infecting bacteria. It can be understood by dividing the word into two,…

Q: Discuss the characteristics of retroviruses. How do they act? How is their action different from…

A: Retrovirus are virus that has RNA as genetic material. When it infects the cell it first convert RNA…

Q: 1) Which of the following apply(ies) to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis? Choose all that…

A: Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, bacilli, or rod-shaped bacteria. B. anthracis is the causative…

Q: In E. coli, the passage of traits from parent to daughter cell occurs via A) O transformation B) O…

A: The cell division process of prokaryotes (such as E. coli bacteria) is called binary fission. For…

Q: 4During the multiplication of a bacteriophage in its host cell, the specific viral growth phase…

A: Viral replication has 7 stages: Attachment Penetration Uncoating Replication Assembly Maturation…

Q: R factors are  ________ that contain a code for ______________ .a. genes, replicationb. plasmids,…

A: R-factor is known as the Resistance transfer factor. This is the earlier used term for plasmids and…

Q: a. be the only instance of that restriction site in the plasmid b. appear at least once in another…

A: A plasmid is a small circular double-stranded DNA molecule that differs from the chromosomal DNA of…

Q: dsDNA viruses can have more genetic material than SSRNA viruses because: a. RNA catalyzes its own…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a hereditary molecule that passes genetic information from one…

Q: Some scientists are trying to engineer bacteriophageto treat bacterial infections in humans when…

A: The viruses are considered as an obligate intracellular parasite that needed a host for their…

Q: we can stop the biosynthesis stage of the viral life cycle (not the stages before it) by…

A: The virus life cycle in a host involves few stages: they are: Aattachment of phage to the surface…

Q: 4. How can bacteria cause mutation in their host? * A. It causes inflammation, breakage, and damage…

A: Mutations caused by environmental factors are called mutagens. Types of mutagens can be: Radiation…

Q: 6. a) Some phages infecting bacteria possess the enzyme the bacterial cell wall, allowing the viral…

A: Viruses are the obligate parasite. They can replicate in living cells only.

Q: 5) Can you diagonose influenza virus infections using some of the following techniques? (i) Western…

A: Influenza is a viral infection which directly attacks the immune system. This influenza is caused by…

Q: Drug-resistance plasmids could be transferred in A. baumannii bywhich of the following mechanisms:a.…

A: Plasmids are the small, circular and extrachromosomal DNA present mostly in bacteria. It is also…

Q: 1. Explain how acyclovir can be used to treated virus-infected cells.

A: The discovery of antiviral agents has been facilitated by advances in the fields of molecular…

Q: A plasmid (a) can be used as a DNA vector (b) is a type of bacteriophage (c) is a type of cDNA (d)…

A: A plasmid is a circular, single-stranded DNA molecule that differs from a cell's chromosomal…

Q: The difference between transformation and conjugation in bacteria consists of the fact that:     a.…

A: explanation - both b and c are correct .   The difference between transformation and conjugation in…

Q: acteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which one of the following steps ?…

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that attack only bacteria whereas animal viruses are viruses that attach…

Q: 1. Briefly describe how you extract and purify the pJET plasmid from the bacteria.

A: Plasmid purification is a technique used to isolate and purify plasmid DNA from genomic DNA,…

Q: 8. Why are viruses considered non-living? a. Viruses cannot replicate on their own. b. Viruses do…

A: Virus are responsible for one of the most dangerous diseases like Ebola, influenza, small pox and…

Q: 7. Replication factor C plays which of the following roles in eukaryotic DNA replication? A.…

A: Genetics is a discipline that studies genes, genetic diversity, and inheritance in living things.…

Q: Which of the following may be used as a vector in a gene-cloningexperiment?a. mRNA               c.…

A: The major role of gene cloning is vitamins, hormones, and antibiotics synthesis. Gene cloning is…