1. Explain how acyclovir can be used to treated virus-infected cells.

Q: Provide background information on zanamivir (antiviral drug) and determine the mode of action. Be…

A: INTRODUCTION Zanamivir Zanamivir is an antiviral drug used to treat influenza caused by Influenza A…

Q: 4. What is a suggestion you have for combating (or responding) to antibiotic resistance?

A: Antibiotic resistance is an acquired resistance pathogens get when they are treated with antibiotic…

Q: 2. Select any ONE of the following experimental procedures and describe how it is done and what the…

A: Embryo culture is known as culturing of an embryo in in-vitro conditions. It is studied under the…

Q: Discuss some of the diffi culties in giving antiviral drug treatments.

A: Answer- Antiviral drugs are used in the treatment of viral infections. They inhibits the growth of…

Q: 1. What is xenotransplantation?

A: Ethical issues concerning the xenotransplantation include the animal rights, allocation of…

Q: 8. Which of the following is/are TRUE about bioassay? 1. It is a dose-response type of research. II.…

A: As a result of comparing a substance's effect on a test organism with a standard preparation, a…

Q: Diagram the life cycle for a virus that uses an RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase.

A: Reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that…

Q: 6) explain to me 2 mechanisms organism can use to reverse this VU-caused damage. Give me the step by…

A: UV radiation causes mutation in the DNA of organisms. They can cause dimerization of nucleotide…

Q: . What is the function of the spike protein?

A: Virus they can be enveloped or non enveloped.

Q: 82) The viral assembly a. The assembly of human adenovirus in the cytoplasm b. The assembly of…

A: The microorganisms are the microscopic living things that can be observed only under a microscope.…

Q: What are the types of in vitro virus cultivation systems (Choose all that applies)  A. Animal cell…

A: In vitro culture refers to the process of cultivating cells that are derived from the organism in a…

Q: 2. Define the term "Pharmacodynamics" and explain how this concept helps in the understanding of the…

A: Pharmacodynamics as the name suggests is related to the study of the effects that a drug has on the…

Q: How could this research lead to the development of drugs to combat infection by variola and related…

A: Variola is the smallpox viruses and it is bioterrorism. Smallpox is a highly lethal contagious…

Q: 7. What is unusual about prions compared with viruses or bacterial pathogens that makes them so…

A: Thank you for the question  Answer  :- Prions are harmful proteins that are found in the brain.…

Q: Describe the key processes involved in vaccine manufacturing.

A: Vaccines are the ones where the microorganisms or antigens or any killer cells are killed or…

Q: 3. Explain about Bacteriological Methods of laboratory diagnosis?

A: Introduction A dichotomous key is a tool used to identify natural entities such as microorganisms,…

Q: 00 Examine the structures below of several anti-viral drugs. Match the anti-viral drugs with the…

A: Inhibits the viral DNA polymerase of herpesvirus : Acyclovir  Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits viral…

Q: 13) The end product in case of DNA polymerase during the Lumpy skin disease virus replication is :…

A: The lumpy skin disease is caused by the virus capripox and in this disease the cartels get infected.

Q: 2',3'-Dideoxyinosine has been approved as an anti-HIV drug' Propose a mechanism by which it might…

A: Human Immuno Deficiency virus, and the treatment.

Q: 3. Imagine that you are a researcher at a pharmaceutical company charged with developing new drugs…

A: Answer: ANTI-VIRAL DRUG = These are the chemicals used to treat the infection causing pathogens,…

Q: Discuss the characteristics of retroviruses. How do they act? How is their action different from…

A: Retrovirus are virus that has RNA as genetic material. When it infects the cell it first convert RNA…

Q: 4. What in your opinion can the biomedical engineer do to help in the cure of COVID-19?

A: Biomedical engineering is the term used for the combination of biology and engineering or applying…

Q: 5. Name one antiphagocytic factor and how does it work?

A: When a microorganism enters in the body of host, it immediately killed by host’s phagocytic cells.…

Q: A physician orders an IV drip containing 12 million units per day of penicillin G potassium for a…

A: penicillin G is used to kill bacteria. It is a fast acting antibiotic. Penicillin G potassium is…

Q: 1. What is the active substance and activity/indications (e.g. antibacterial, anti-inflammatory) of…

A: Plants are vital living forms that belong to the Plantae taxonomic kingdom and are further classed…

Q: What are some strategiesof the anti-retroviral drugsused in the AIDS treatment?

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a member of the Retro viral family which causes chronic,…

Q: 1.What is the purpose of priming? 2.  Typically how much volume (ml) of saline is needed for the…

A: Priming is filling the IV fluid or typically saline into the IV tube set before attaching it to the…

Q: 1.    Name the three categories of tests that are generally conducted in plant virus disease…

A: INTRODUCTION The plant viruses may cause an major issues in the sustainable agriculture.  In the…

Q: Explain 2 of the 4 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

A: Antibiotic resistance occurs when germs such as fungi or bacteria develop the potentiality to defeat…

Q: Explain how viruses can be isolated using filtration State that viruses must be cultured in cells.…

A: Isolation of virus in the liquid medium  It is easily done by centrifugation  During this the viral…

Q: 3. Discuss the applications of the direct and indirect antiglobulin tests.

A: Antibodies are a part of immune system. They fight against germs, but sometimes they make a mistake…

Q: What is the most successful treatment during pregnancy to reduce transmission of HIV from mother to…

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a member of the Retro viral family which causes chronic,…

Q: State the principle underlying the latex agglutination (LA) and gelatin particle agglutination test…

A: When the specific antibodies (agglutinins) bind to surface antigens of bacteria/virus or any…

Q: 2a.) Illustrate below the image you see when you observe the onion skin with the 4x and 40x…

A: Onion cells are smaller, thinner, and bricked together. The skin of the onion peel is a single cell…

Q: Provide research information on zanamivir (antiviral drug) and determine the mode of action. Be sure…

A: Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections.

Q: 1. a) Describe Ph and Buffers for parental drug delivery? b)Explain the differences between PMDIS…

A: Pmdi stands for pressured metered dose inhaler . They are used in the treatment of asthma and…

Q: . a. Compare the means by which retroviral and AAVvectors deliver therapeutic genes to human…

A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…

Q: Explain the concept of selective toxicity. How does it apply to the development of antibiotics?

A: Medicines known as antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals.…

Q: 1. Name the molecule that contributes to the shape of a capsid around a virus?

A: The capsid is basically a protective layer around the viral structure which usually protects the…

Q: 1. Differentiate transplantation from explantation.  2. Differentiate autografting from…

A: The process of shifting cells, tissues, or organs from one location to another in order to replace…

Q: Describe problems associated with the use of viralvectors to introduce therapeutic genes into the…

A: Viral vectors are tools commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into…

Q: . Critically evaluate the role and reliability of different diagnostic methods in use for difficult…

A: I will be answering the above question by taking Infective endocarditis(IE) as an example:- IE is a…

Q: 4. Describe how plasmids conferring multidrug resistanceto bacteria may have evolved.

A: A plasmid is small circular extrachromosomal materials present in bacterial or protozoan cells which…

Q: Coronavirus

A: coronaviruses  are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more…

Q: 3. List the mechanism and give several names of the following: Class I, Class II, Class II, and…

A: