All questions must be answered 1)Define GDP in detail2) Define opportunity cost3) Define monopoly4)Define perfect competition market5)Define oligopoly market.6)Define autarky.7) Nash Equilibrium is Group of answerchoicesa) a strategy that must appear in everygameb) the best strategy for a player to followonly if other players are cooperativec) a strategy that leads to one player'sinterests dominating the interests of theother playersd)a situation where no person has anincentive to change their strategy unlesssomeone else changes theirs.

1. GDP: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a key indicator used to gauge the health of a country's…

Answered: 1)Define GDP in detail 2) Define…

Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter8: Game Theory

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.1P

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Please look at the payoff matrix below which shows the benefits that would accrue to each player in a 2-player.non-sequential, non-repeated game. a) Identify the collusive (cooperative) equilibrium. b) Identify the secure strategy (maximin) equilibrium c) Identify the maximax equilibrium d) Identify the Nash equilibrium (You must clearly label each answer in eCourses to receive any credit for your answers.) Apple Inc. Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 20 40 60 60 1000 200 Strategy A 70 50 90 Banana 70 300 Inc. Strategy B 400 40 80 100 90 150 80 Strategy C
Solve for the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) in each of the following games. (a) The following two-by-two game is a little harder to solve since firm 2’spreferred strategy depends of what firm 1 does. But firm 1 has a dominantstrategy so this game has one Nash equilibrium. Firm 2 Launch Don’tFirm 1 Launch 60, -10 100, 0 Don’t 80, 30 120, 0 What is the Nash equilibrium of this simultaneous-move game? (b) What would the outcome of this game be if instead firm 1 moved first and then, after seeing what firm 1 chose, firm 2 chose it strategy? In this case firm 1 doesn’t necessarily need to choose a best response, but firm 2 must choose a best response since it moves second.
Please look at the payoff matrix below which shows the benefits that would accrue to each player in a 2-player.non-sequential, non-repeated game. a) Identify the collusive (cooperative) equilibrium. b) Identify the secure strategy (maximin) equilibrium c) Identify the maximax equilibrium d) Identify the Nash equilibrium Apple Inc. Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3 20 40 60 60 1000 200 Strategy A 70 50 90 Banana Inc. 400 70 300 Strategy B 40 80 100 90 150 80 Strategy C
Player 1 U D L 3,3 5,0 Player 2 R 0,5 1,1 a. Find the Nash equilibria, if any, in the game above. For each equilibrium, justify why it is a Nash equilibrium in a few sentences. b. Suppose this game was to be played infinitely many times between the two players. Find a condition for 8 such that the Pareto-optimal outcome can be attained. Find this for both players playing Grim Trigger in the infinite game.
Explain the concept of two-person zero- sum game and saddle point. Also provide a suitable example. Determine which of the following two-person zero-sum games are strictly determinable and fair. Give the optimum strategies for each player in the case of it being strictly determinable. Player A Player B B2 вз 4 B1 A1 5 -1 2 A2
Consider the following price game: Firm 1 Firm 2 High Low High 20, 20 12, 24 Low 24, 12 14, 14 Remark: In simultaneous move games (games with rows and columns) theconvention is to write the row player’s payoff first and the column player’spayoff second. (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? Recall that for each playeryou should find the best response to each of the opponents’ strategies andunderline the associated payoff. Then look for a cell where both strategiesare best responses to each other. This is a Nash equilibrium. (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)?
4. Correlated EquilibriaConstruct an example (not one from class or the reading) of a Normal form game with a correlated equilibrium that is not a Nash equilibrium.
Consider this as a simultaneous-move (static) game: Player A Top Bottom Player B Left Right ETEL UU 1.b) Does any player have a dominant strategy in this game? Explain. 1.a) Write down the Best Response Correspondence for each of the two players. Molimonsbestich Quinit 1.c) Find all Nash Equilibria in pure strategies of this game. 1.d) Is there any Nash Equilibria in mixed strategies? If so, find it. Elekt
Player 1 Cooperate (C) Defect (D) Cooperate (C) 3,3 8,0 Player 2 Defect (D) 0,8 1,1 In general, a combination of strategies is a Nash equilibrium if ... Every player is choosing a best response against the other players' strategies. Every player has a positive payoff. The players maximize the sum of their payoffs. The players choose identical strategies. If the game is repeated, which cooperative actions could benefit both players? O Both players choose C. Player 1 chooses C, Player 2 chooses D. O Player 1 chooses D, Player 2 chooses C. Both players choose D.
Consider the following game : Stag Rabbit Stag 9, 9 0, 8 Rabbit 8, 0 7, 7 The first payoff is that of player 1 and the second that of player 2. a. ) Draw the extensive form of the simultaneous game. Find all the Nash equilibrium. p. Suppose player 1 moves first or we are in a sequential game now. Draw the extensive form in the sequential version. c. What is the subgame perfect Nash Equilibrium (SPNE) in the sequential version? d. ) Explain why it is an SPNE.
Consider a game where each player picks a number from 0 to 60. The guess that is closest to half of the average of the chosen numbers wins a prize. If several people are equally close, then they share the prize. The game theory implies that (A) all players have dominant strategies to choose 0 (B) all players have dominant strategies to choose 30 (C) there is a Nash equilibrium where all players pick 0 (D) there is a Nash equilibrium where all players pick positive numbers Behavioral data in such games suggests that (A) most subjects choose 0; (B) most subjects choose 30;(C) common answers include 30, 15, 7.5, and 0; (D) most subjects use randomization.
#3. Characterize the unique subgame-perfect equilibrium in the following game. Can you find any Nash equilibrium which is not subgame perfect? Explain. D R D (1,1,1)) R D N-1 N-1' N-1' D **** N-1 R D R (2,2,..., 2)

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