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- Organotin compounds play a significant role in diverse industrial applications. They have been used as plastic stabilizers and as pesticides or fungicides. One method used to prepare simple tetraalkylstannanes is the controlled direct reaction of liquid tin(IV) chloride with highly reactive trialkylaluminum compounds, such as liquid triethylaluminum (Al(CzHs)3). 3SnCl4 + 4Al(C2H5)3 → 3Sn(C2H5)4 + 4AlCl3 In one experiment, 0.160 L of SnCl4 (d= 2.226 g/mL) was treated with 0.346 L of triethylaluminum (Al(C2H5)3); d = 0.835 g/mL). What is the theoretical yield in this experiment (mass of tetraethylstannane, Sn(C2H5)4)? If 0.257L of tetraethylstannane (d= 1.187 g/mL) were actually isolated in this experiment, what was the percent yield?Organotin compounds play a significant role in diverse industrial applications. They have been used as plastic stabilizers and as pesticides or fungicides.One method used to prepare simple tetraalkylstannanes is the controlled direct reaction of liquid tin(IV) chloride with highly reactive trialkylaluminum compounds, such as liquid triethylaluminum (Al(C2H5)3). 3SnCl4 + 4Al(C2H5)3 3Sn(C2H5)4 + 4AlCl3 In one experiment, 0.230 L of SnCl4 (d = 2.226 g/mL) was treated with 0.396 L of triethylaluminum (Al(C2H5)3); d = 0.835 g/mL). If 0.335 L of tetraethylstannane (d = 1.187 g/mL) were actually isolated in this experiment, what was the percent yield?Furan undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution more readily than benzene; mild reagents and conditions are sufficient.For example, furan reacts with bromine to give 2-bromofuran.(a) Propose mechanisms for the bromination of furan at the 2-position and at the 3-position. Draw the resonance forms ofeach sigma complex, and compare their stabilities.(b) Explain why furan undergoes bromination (and other electrophilic aromatic substitutions) primarily at the 2-position.O Br O123furan 2-bromofuran
- Describe how the product is purified. 4,4'-DIBROMOBIPHENYL [Biphenyl, 4,4'-dibromo-] Submitted by Robert E. Buckles and Norris G. Wheeler1. Checked by R. S. Schreiber, Wm. Bradley Reid, Jr., and Robert W. Jackson. 1. Procedure In a 15-cm. evaporating dish is placed 15.4 g. (0.10 mole) of finely powdered biphenyl (Note 1). The dish is set on a porcelain rack in a 30-cm. desiccator with a 10-cm. evaporating dish under the rack containing 39 g. (12 ml., 0.24 mole) of bromine. The desiccator is closed, but a very small opening is provided for the escape of hydrogen bromide (Note 2). The biphenyl is left in contact with the bromine vapor for 8 hours (or overnight). The orange solid is then removed from the desiccator and allowed to stand in the air under a hood for at least 4 hours (Note 3). At this point, the product weighs about 30 g. and has a melting point in the neighborhood of 152°. The crude 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl is dissolved in 75 ml. of benzene, filtered, and cooled to 15°. The…Useful Information: sodium metam: Commercial grade sodium metam is 33% pure sodium metam by weight and has a density of 1.2 g/mL. Hydrolysis of metam (Methyl isothiocynate) + H2S Rate constants for hydrolysis for metam (base catalyzed hydrolysis is negligible) = 300 mol -1 L. sec -1 , = 1 x 10-8 sec-1 Metam also undergoes photolysis to methyl isothiocyanate with a half-life of 1.6 hrs. Data for Sacramento River discharge Q = 75,000 L/min mean depth = 0.30 m pH = 7.8 mean width = 3.2 m dispersion coefficient D = 1.6 x 102 m2/min Assuming the spill acts acts as a single point source. How long does it take for the maximum contaminant concentration to get to Lake Shasta? If Na+ acts as conservative (i.e., it is not transformed) tracer, calculate the maximum concentration (in g/L) at Lake Shasta. (Hint: remember that sodium only constitutes a…Tunicates are marine animals that are called "sea squirts" because when they are taken out of water, they tend to contract and expel seawater. Lepadiformine is a cytotoxic agent (toxic to cells) isolated from a marine tunicate. During a recent synthesis of lepadiformine, the investigators observed the formation of an interesting by-product (3) while treating diol 1 with a reagent similar in function to PBr3 (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 3390–3400):
- Treatment of isobutene [(CH3)2C = CH2] with (CH3)3CLi forms a carbanion that reacts with CH2=O to form H after water is added to the reaction mixture. H has a molecular ion in its mass spectrum at m/z = 86, and shows fragments at 71 and 68. H exhibits absorptions in its IR spectrum at 3600–3200 and 1651 cm−1, and has the 1H NMR spectrum given below. Whatis the structure of H?Alcohols can undergo a lot of different reaction mechanims. If the alcohol group (OH) is attaached to an aromatic core, how will the chemistry change as compared to a typical alkyl alcohol? A) The OH group will become more polarised and more nucleophilic. B) The OH group will become more susceptible to oxidation C) The OH group will become more polarised and therefore basic D) The OH group will become more polarised and therefore acidic.Give a detailed mechanism including all resonance isomers for intermediates (show electron flow) for the Friedel-Crafts reaction Expt. 29.4-micro: Friedel-Crafts Synthesis of 1,4-t-Butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene. NOTE: It is likely the mechanism from reactants to only 1-t-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene. I want a complete mechanism showing all steps and resonance isomers for the synthesis of the dialkylated product.
- In each of the following electrophilic substitution reactions (i) as a first step show the“preactivation” or generation of an electrophilic species; (ii) using arrows provide a mechanisticexplanation of the course of the reaction (show all resonance structures contributing for intermediatearenium ion stabilization); (iii) write all major products of the reaction. Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with 2-methylpropanoyl chloride ((CH3)2-CH-COCl) inthe presence of AlCl3 as a catalyst.QUESTION- Label these spectra attached. Use them to discuss differences in reactant and product spectra that determine/support positive product formation. please no general responses, be specific to peaks in the spectra attached. EXPERIMENT: Synthesis of Benzil - Multi-Step Synthesis Part B benzoin + NH4NO3 ==== benzil ReferencesLehman, J.W. Operational Organic Chemistry: A Problem- Solving Approach to the LaboratoryCourse, 3 rd Ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc: New Jersey, 1999, p. 449.1) what is the struture of B, mechanism for its formation and assigment of the IR and 13C spectra 2) what is the struture of C, mechanism for its formation and assigment of the 1H NMR spectra 3) what is the mechanism of C to D in step 4