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- What arethe differencesbetween an open, a closed, and an isolated system?Describe an example of each.The constant-pressure heat capacity of a sample of a perfect gaswas found to vary with temperature according to the expression Cp/(J K−1) = 20.17 + 0.3665(T/K). Calculate q, w, ΔU, and ΔH when the temperature is raised from 25 °C to 100 °C (i) at constant pressure, (ii) at constant volume.Without carrying out an explicit calculation, explain there lative values of the standard molar entropies (at 298 K) of the following substances: (a) Ne(g) (146 J K-1 mol-1) compared with Xe(g) (170 J K-1 mol-1), (b) H2O(g) (189 J K-1 mol-1) compared with D2O(g) (198 J K-1 mol-1), (c) C(diamond) (2.4 J K-1 mol-1) compared with C(g raphite) (5.7 J K-1 mol-1).
- A sample of Ar of mass 8.30 g occupies 1.75dm3 at 330 K. (a) Calculate the work done when the gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure of 1 bar until itsvolume has increased by 0.35 dm3 (b) Calculate the work that would be done if thesame expansion occurred reversiblyUse the equipartition principle to estimate the values of γ = Cp/CV for gaseous ammonia and methane. Do this calculation with and without the vibrational contribution to the energy. Which is closer to the experimental value at 25 °C?Calculate the contribution that rotational motion makes to the molar entropy of a gas of HCl molecules at 25 °C.
- The constant-pressure heat capacity of a sample of a perfect gas was found to vary with temperature according to the expression Cp(JK–1) = 20.17 + 0.03665(T). Calculate q, w, ΔU, and ΔH when the temperature is raised from 25°C to 300°C(a) at constant pressure(b) at constant volumeUse the equipartition theorem to estimate the constant- volume molar heat capacity of (i) O3, (ii) C2H6, (iii) CO2 in the gas phase at 25 °C.How much energy does it take to raise the temperature of 1.0 mol H2O(g) from 100 °C to 200 °C at constant volume? Consider only translational and rotational contributions to the heat capacity.
- ) Given the following data on Phosphorus and its allotropeso ∆Hf kJ mol-1 ∆Gfo kJmol-1 So J mol-1 K-1 White phosphorus, P(s, white) 0 0 0 Gaseous Phosphorus, P(g) 315 278 163 Gaseous Phosphorus, P4(g) 59 24 280 b) For the transformation P(g) -> ¼ P4(g), is work done by the system or on the system? How much work is involved? Explainwith solutions. c) Calculate the ∆E in kJ for the process P(g) ¼ P4(g) in (b). d) Calculate the sublimation temperature for white Phosphorus (in oC) assuming constant values of enthalpy and entropyover the temperature range involved.Calculate the work done by a gas when it expands through (a) 1.0 cm3, (b) 1.0 dm3 against an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa . What work must be done to compress the gas back to original state in each case?Calculate the work done by a gas w hen it expandsthrough (a) 1.0 cm3, (b) 1.0 dm3 against an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa . What work must be done to compress thegas back to original state in each case?