2. Assume that the current dollar-Euro exchange rate (Ese) is equal to 1, the real exchange rate (qus/Eur) = 1.33, the price level (P) equals 1.5 in the U.S. and 2 in Europe. Assume that relative PPP holds. a. If inflation is 4% in the U.S. but 2% in Europe, what will be the price levels in the U.S. and Europe a year from now? b. What will the nominal exchange rate (Ese) be a year from now? c. What will the real exchange rate (qus/Eur) be a year from now?
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- If a countrys currency is expected to appreciate in value, what would you think will be the impact of expected exchange rates on yields (e.g., the Interest rate paid on government bonds) in that country? Hint: Think about how expected exchange rate changes and interest rates affect a currencys demand and supply.What does it mean to say that a currency appreciates? Depreciates? Becomes stronger? Becomes weaker?Does a higher rate of return in a nations economy, all other things being equal, affect the exchange rate of its currency? If so, how?
- (b) Suppose the real exchange rate is 10, the domestic price level is 8, and the foreign price level is 4. (i) What is the nominal exchange rate? Use the expression: ereal= enor*P / Pfor where ereal is real exchange rate, enor is nominal exchange rate, P is domestic price level and Pfor is foreign price level. (ii) Suppose the real exchange rate rises by 10%, the inflation rate in the domestic country is 6%, and the inflation rate in the foreign country is 4%. By what percentage does the nominal exchange rate change?1. A. Explain how nominal exchange rate affects real exchange rate.B. Suppose that a chocolate bar costs 20 euros in France and 30 Singaporean dollars inSingapore. If the exchange rate is 1.20 euros per Singaporean dollars, What is the realexchange rate?2. Suppose the economy is in recession. Policymakers estimate that aggregate demand is$100 billion short of the amount necessary to generate the long run natural rate of output.That is, if aggregate demand were shifted to the right by $100 billion, the economy wouldbe in long run equilibrium.a. Explain the impact on the economy if the government chooses to use fiscal policy tostabilize the economy and the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is given as0.75 with no crowding out.b. If there is a crowding out effect and investment is very sensitive to changes in theinterest rate, should the government increase spending more or less than this amount?3. Suppose, OPEC decides to cut down oil production, causing oil price to go up.a. Explain…Answer the following questions 1.a. Today many Central Banks around the World are thinking of increasing interestrates. Why? What could be the dangers of increasing those interest rates toomuch?1.b.What will happen to the trade balance and the real exchange rate of a smallopen economy when govemment purchases increase, such as during a war?Does your answer depend on whether this is a local war or a global war? Onthose grounds, In the current situation of the Russian invasion, what shouldhappen between the dollar and the Euro?
- If a country’s currency is expected to appreciatein value, what would you think will be the impact ofexpected exchange rates on yields (e.g., the interest ratepaid on government bonds) in that country? Hint: Thinkabout how expected exchange rate changes and interestrates affect a currency's demand and supplySuppose that the government of China is currently fixing the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Chinese yuan at a rate of $1 = 6 yuan. Also suppose that at this exchange rate, the people who want to convert dollars to yuan are asking to convert $10 billion per day of dollars into yuan, while the people who are wanting to convert yuan into dollars are asking to convert 36 billion yuan into dollars. What will happen to the size of China’s official reserves of dollars? a. Increase. b. Decrease. c. Stay the same.Purchasing-power parity holds between the nationsof Ectenia and Wiknam, where the only commodityis Spam.a. In 2020, a can of Spam costs 4 dollars in Ecteniaand 24 pesos in Wiknam. What is the exchange ratebetween Ectenian dollars and Wiknamian pesos?b. Over the next 20 years, inflation is expected to be3.5 percent per year in Ectenia and 7 percent peryear in Wiknam. If this inflation comes to pass,what will the price of Spam and the exchangerate be in 2040? (Hint: Recall the rule of 70 fromChapter 27.)c. Which of these two nations will likely have ahigher nominal interest rate? Why?d. A friend of yours suggests a get-rich-quickscheme: Borrow from the nation with the lowernominal interest rate, invest in the nation with thehigher nominal interest rate, and profit from theinterest-rate differential. Do you see any potentialproblems with this idea? Explain.
- Assume Switzerland has a one-year interest rate of 3% and that of Ghana is 16%. If the International Fisher Effect (IFE)holds, what would you forecast for the Swiss franc exchange rate with respect with the cedi be for a one-year period? Assume that the initial exchange rate is 5000cedis to a Swiss franc.Business executives and policymakers are often concerned about the competitiveness of Pakistani industry (the ability of industries to sell their goods profitably in world markets). i. How would an increase in the nominal exchange rate ($/Rs) affect competitiveness in the short run? Explain. ii. Suppose you wanted to make domestic industries more competitive but did not want to alter aggregate income. According to the Mundell–Fleming model, what combination of monetary and fiscal policies should you pursue? Graphically explain.You are considering buying a bottle of wine. Supposethat the euro appreciates by 15% with respect to theU.S. dollar. Are you more or less likely to buy a bottleof Californian wine or French wine?