2. Assume that there is a negative monetary shock causes the decreasing in money supply. a) Please use IS-LM analysis and explain the effect. b) Based on case 2(a), please use IS-LM analysis to show how fiscal policy can recover the economy back to initial level of income.
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- What is a potential problem with a temporary tax increase designed to increase aggregate demand it people know that it is temporary?4. Analyze the effects of a contractionary fiscal policy on IS-LM model and AD-AS model when the labor market presents rigidities and nominal wages are not dynamic. Explain carefully and use the graphs.Qus 3 Explain and illustrate how a fiscal expansion can be accomodated by a monetary expansion in IS/LM framework
- 7 - If the government announces that it has increased the corporate tax rate from 25% to 35% and the income tax rate from 20% to 30%, what kind of policy will it follow?A) contractionary fiscal policyB) Supply-side policyC) contractionary monetary policyD) Expansionary monetary policyE) Expansionary fiscal policyDetermine how each of the following monetary or fiscal policy would shift the aggregate demand curve. Illustrate and explain the following effect. a. Assuming the economy is currently producing above the full employment output, the government decided to increase the personal income tax as a form of contractionary fiscal policy. Illustrate and explain the effect of the policy using AD-AS curve. b. With the recession due to COVID-19, the central bank has decided to lower down discount rates and reserve requirements of the commercial bank. Illustrate and explain the effect of the policy using AD-AS curve.1) The IS-LM Model a) In the IS/LM model explain what happens to equilibrium output and interest rate if governmentsimultaneously pursues expansionary fiscal policy and the central bank opts for a contractionarymonetary policy. Show with the help of a graph along with a very brief verbal explanation. b) Label the statements below as true or false and give a brief explanation for false statementsonly. i) For a given level of P (price), if M (nominal money) increases by 10%, M/P also increases by10% ii) A monetary expansion leads to a lower output and a higher interest rate. iii) Equilibrium in the financial market implies that an increase in income leads to a decrease ininterest rate making the LM curve downward sloping. c) Assume a model economy with the following parameters:C= 100 + 0.25 YD ; I= 100 + 0.5Y - 3000iG= 125 ; T= 100 ;(M/P)d = 6Y - 24000i ; (M/P)s = 4500Derive the IS and LM relation. 2) The short and medium run a) Suppose that the mark-up of goods prices over marginal…
- 5 "Both Expansionary Fiscal Policy and Expansionary Monetary policy increase income in the IS-LM model" Discuss with graph and logic. In which case private sector will play a bigger role and why?1. Suppose the IS curve is Y = 3945-100i and Y = 1500 + 250i is the LM curve. Using these compute: a) The equilibrium interest rate and output (i*and Y*). b) If government spending was increased by 100m with an immediate impact elasticity of 2.5 in the goods market, determine new income and interest rate. d) Determine the magnitude of the change in money supply required to eliminate any crowding out effect in (c) above. Suppose di/dMs = -0.1X, where X is the last digit of your ID number. e) Explain the dynamics represented in (a-d) using an IS-LM space. (You may insert a snapshot of the graph if drawn manually).Suppose the government undertook a fiscal policy by increasing government expenditure by 20 percent. Clearly demonstrate how this would result in the crowding out phenomena.c. Suppose the instead of fiscal policy, the government, through its monetary authority undertook an expansionary monetary policy by increasing nominal money supply by 20 percent. Clearly demonstrate how this would result in the crowding in phenomena.
- Q.1.4 Which of the following statements about Fiscal Policy is INCORRECT? (2)(a) In order to combat inflation, the South African Reserve Bank must apply acontractionary fiscal policy;(b) A contractionary fiscal policy can result in higher levels of unemployment;(c) Expansionary fiscal policy will increase the budget deficit;(d) The application of fiscal policy will have no effect on aggregate supply in theAD‐AS model.10.2 In which of the following circumstances is expansionary fiscal policy more likely to lead to a short-run increase in investment?Explain. a)When the investment accelarator is large or when it is small? 11.1 Explain how each of the following developments would effect the supply of money,the demand for maoney, and the interest rate.Illustrate your answers with diagrams. e)A wave of optimism boosts business investment and exapands aggregate demand.Use an open-economy ISLM framework to graph and explain the overall effect of expansionary fiscal policy on y and r in an economy characterized by a relatively interest-sensitive money demand function. Also consider the impact of this policy on the distribution of output among spending sectors.