2. If glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in red blood cells is completely inhibited, whichintermediates in glycolysis accumulate most? Please use the following equation and the providedinformation to explain your reasoning.AG=AG° + RTln[C] [D]d[A] [B]'Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Dihydroxyacetone phosphateThe standard free energy for the above reaction is: AG" = +23.9 KJ/molT° = 298R = 8.314 J mol-¹ K-1

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible reaction given…

Answered: 2. If glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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1. Put together the sequence of components (numbers) that form the glycolysis pathway and the linked reaction. Choose the sequence from the following metabolites. Also mention the step in which NADH/FADH2 is formed along with the number.  Acetyl Co.A  Glucose.  Pyruvate.  Fructose – 1, 6-bisphosphate  Glucose – 6 – phosphate.  Phosphoenol – pyruvate.  1, 3 – Bisphosphoglycerate.  Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate  Fructose – 6 – phosphate  Glycerol 2-phosphate /2-phosphoglycerate.  Dihydroacetone – phosphate.
1. What structurtal property of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents oxidation of these compounds by the β-oxidation pathway? what additional types of reactions are needed?
1) Sketch out the schematic diagram for the enzymatic mechanism of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Please provide the structure of the functional groups of the substrate and enzyme involved in the reaction at each step (rest of the structure can be indicated as R) Indicate clearly the flow of the electrons at each step Indicate in short form the cofactor involved and the acid or basic groups of the enzyme involved
CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.What is the reason for isomerization of citrate to isocitrate?A.The reaction converts a tertiary alcohol, which cannot easily be oxidized, to a secondary alcohol that can be oxidizB. Isocitrate protects cells from the toxic effects of arsenite ion.C. The reaction is one major regulatory step for the citric acid cycle because it functions as a rate limiting step.D. Isocitrate is a substrate for a reaction that occurs spontaneously without enzymatic catalysis 2.Which of the following molecules is NOT involved in the cycle of B-oxidation?A. coenzyme AB. B-hydroxybutyrateC. B-ketoacyl-CoAD. acetyl-CoA
1. Assuming that everything that’s needed to make tripalmitin comes from glucose, how many glucose would be used by adipose tissue in the synthesis of 1 mol tripalmitin? 2. How many ATP would be used (net of produced and used)? 3. If an animal absorbs 35 g glucose (MW = 180 g/mol) from drinking a can of pop, how many grams of tripalmitin (MW = 807 g/mol) can be produced from it in adipose tissue? Please provide only typed answer solution no handwritten solution needed allowed
1- Which of the following about anabolic processes is true : A) They release energy to build up polymers from monomers.B) They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers.C) They do not depend on enzymes.D) They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.E) They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions. 2- Conversion of 1 mol of acetyl-CoA to 2 mol of CO2 and CoA via the citric acid cycle results in the net production of: A) 1 mol of oxaloacetate.B)1 mol of citrate.C) 1 mol of FADH2.D) 1 mol of NADH.E) 7 mol of ATP.
Consider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.
3 Some enzymes are used in the clinical lab to diagnose diseases. There are two specific markers for enzymes in heart: lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Both of these enzymes are oligomeric,form several isoenzymes. The enzymes eatalyze the following reactions: 1. Name the classes of these enzymes. 2.What coenzyme reguires LDH? Write the formula ofthe vitamine, coenzyme is synthetized from. 3.Give the definition of the term “isoenzyme” and name types of isoenzyme and proteins appcared in the blood in myocardial infarction.
5.4. If 32P labeled (radioactive phosphate) inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes undergoing glycolysis which of the following molecules would you expect to detect 32P in Glycolytic intermediates? A. Fructose 1-6 bisphosphate B. 3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde C. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate D. 2-Phosphoglycerate E. 1-3 bisphosphoglycerate F. Phosphoenolpyruvate G. 3-Phosphoglycerate H. Pyruvate I. None of the above is it E?
In another key reaction in glycolysis, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)is isomerized into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP): Because ΔG°′ is positive, the equilibrium lies to the left.(a) Calculate the equilibrium constant and the equilibrium fraction of GAPfrom the above, at 37 °C.(b) In the cell, depletion of GAP makes the reaction proceed. What will ΔGbe if the concentration of GAP is always kept at 1/100 of the concentrationof DHAP?
1.a. Given what you know about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, does it make sense that insulin activates PDH phosphatase? Why? b.How do vitamins increase to the breadth of chemical reactions available within a biological system?
1. Why is the chemical logic behind the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase? a. So that we end the preparatory phase with 2 3-carbon compounds. b. to provide a substrate for phosphohexose isomerase. c. "Locks" Glucose in the cell. d. to decrease the ΔG of the next reaction. 2. What type of reaction does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyze? a. isomerization b. group transfer c. oxidation d. dehydration

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