1. describe genome packaging of prokaryotes?
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- 1. Two closely related species may have a very similar genome size but very different number of a)nucleosomes B)mitochondrial chromosomes C)nucleoli D)chromosomes 2. What is required for RNA polymerase to be able to dissociate from transcription factors and start transcribing the DNA? A)acetylation of histones B)methylation of the DNA that will be transcribed C)phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase tail D)phosphorylation of transcription factors1. Describe several different DNA repair mechanisms. Which ones contribute to mutations? 2. What is the difference between an ortholog and a paralog1. What is the production of RNA called and what is the enzyme that catalyzes the process?2. What are the similarities and differences between the transcription process and the repli-cation processes?3. Concerning their biological function what is the difference between DNA and RNA?4. Is there any situation in which DNA is made based on a RNA template? If there is,explain with an example how it occurs and state the enzyme involved?5. What is the difference between plasma membrane and cell wall?
- 1.what Human diseases that result from variations in multiple genes? 2.what Alternate forms of nitrogenous bases in which a proton has migrated to an alternative position.? 3. what Stereoisomers of furanose and pyranose rings which differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group at the C1 position? 4.which Highly compacted strongly staining region of the chromosome with no transcriptional activity? 5. what DNA sequences that specify the transition between euchromatin and heterochromatin? 6. Once cells have passed the restriction point in this phase of the cell cycle they are committed to go through the entire cell cycle. 7.which Cdks belong to a family of serine/threonine? 8. what is A protein that tags another protein for proteolysis?1. What does heterochromatin mean? a. The genes are expressed and it is involved with gene activation. b. The genes are expressed and it is involved with gene silencing. c. The genes are not expressed and it is involved with gene silencing. d. The genes are not expressed and it is involved with gene activation1. What is the structure of hnRNA transcribed from this template? 2. What is the structure of the MRNA obtained by splicing the hnRNA? 3. What will be the polypeptide sequence to be synthesized using this mRNA?
- 4.) what is the amino acid chain that your answer in item 2 will dictate? Question in Item 2: The complementary strand from item 1 undergoes transcription. What will be its mRNA complementary strand? Answer : The mRNA complementary strand from this complementary strand obtained from item 1 should be:AAGUUUCGCCCCGGG. 5.) Suppose that the amino acid chain in item 4 is altered. In what stage replication, transcription, or translation) could an error have occured? Explain your answer using the template DNA from item 1. Question in item 1 : if a DNA template with the sequence AAGTTTCGCCCCGGG undergoes replication, what will be its complementary DNA strand? Answer : According to complementary base pairing rules, A is complementary to T and G is complementary to C. Hence the complementary DNA strand should be:TTCAAAGCGGGGCCC1. Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is correct?A. Translation occurs prior to transcription during protein synthesis.B. During translation, the DNA template is converted to amino acids by the ribosomes.C. During transcription, the DNA template is converted to an RNA molecule by the enzyme RNA polymerase.D. Eukaryotic mRNA needs to be transported to the cytoplasm before the protein products are synthesized. 2. What is the main difference in the cell wall composition between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?A. Eukaryotic cell wall is mainly composed on sugar molecules while prokaryotic cell wall has both sugars and amino acids.B. Prokaryotic cell wall is mainly composed on sugar and lipid molecules while eukaryotic cell wall has both sugars and amino acidsC. Prokaryotic cell wall is mainly composed on sugar molecules while eukaryotic cell wall has both sugars and amino acids.D. Eukaryotic cell wall is mainly composed on sugar and lipid molecules while…1. This complex assembles and organizes nucleosomes and contributes to gene repression Group of answer choices a. SWR1 Complex b. ISWI Complex c. SWI/SNF Complex d. SWI Complex 2. A DNA lesion occurring when the deoxyribose molecule loses an adenine or a guanine base. Group of answer choices a. Depurination b. Deamination c. Depyrimination d. Denaturation 3. The difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide is: Group of answer choices a. Nucleotides contains deoxyribose sugar and nucleosides contain ribose sugar b. A nucleoside consists of the sugar with a nitrogenous base, whereas a nucleotide has sugar with a nitrogenous base and phosphate groups attached to the sugar. c. A nucleotide consists of the sugar with a nitrogenous base, whereas a nucleoside has sugar with a nitrogenous base and phosphate groups attached to the sugar. d. Nucleotides are involved in eukaryotic DNA replication, while nucleosides are used in bacterial DNA replication
- 1.Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes, then explain how proteins can be targeted for specific sites within the cell. b)What is the role of the enzymes and proteins involved in DNAreplication?1. In animals, cytokinesis occurs in which of the following phases of mitosis? a. Telophase b. Interphase c. Anaphase d. Prophase 2. Which of the following best describes the function of telomerase? a. The telomerase uses its RNA component as a template and performs reverse transcription to extend the telomeres. b. The telomerase uses an external RNA transcript as a template and performs reverse transcription to extend the telomeres. c. The telomerase uses its RNA component as a template and recruits DNA polymerase I to extend the telomeres. d. The telomerase uses an external RNA transcript as a template and recruits DNA polymerase I to extend the telomeres. 3. Which of the following is not involved in the elongation of prokaryotic peptide? a. EE-Tus, EE-Ts, EF-G factors b. mRNA c. peptidyl transferase d. formyl met tRNA1. What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule: 5’-AATGCGATCTTCAT-3’?2. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA transcribed from the template DNA strand: 3’-GCTACAAAAAGTCCATAATCGC-5’? Indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends.3. If the mRNA sequence you obtained in question 2 were to be translated, what would be the sequence of amino acids? Indicate the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids.