2. In electron transfer, only the quinone portion of ubiquinone undergoes oxidation-reduction; the isoprenoid side chain remains unchanged. What is the function of this chain? 3. There is growing evidence that mitochondrial Complexes I, II, III, and IV are part of a larger supercomplex. What might be the advantage of having all four complexes within a supercomplex?
Q: 5. Consider the pyruvate molecule shown to the right. Is pyruvate likely to move across the…
A: Answer: PYRUVATE = It is the polar molecule, or conjugate base of pyruvic acid which is derived…
Q: 6. What is the function of oxatranslocase? A. It inserts beta-sheets into the outer mitochondrial…
A: The mitochondria of teh cell have different types of proteins that help in the transport of the…
Q: 1) When a de-coupler such as 2,4-DNP is added to a respiring mitochondrion, which of the following…
A: DISCLAIMER: Since you have asked multiple questions, we have solved the first question for you. If…
Q: 9. The picture below diagrams the function of the mitochondrial inner membrane protein complexes in…
A: Introduction :- The majority of eukaryotic creatures contain a double-membrane-bound organelle known…
Q: 2. When ascorbate is a substrate for the respiratory chain, it is oxidized by passing two clectrons…
A: Ascorbate donates electron to the respiratory chain via cytochrome C and it is added at end of each…
Q: 1. Why do compound such as cyanide act as poisons when they disrupt the electron transport chain?
A: The election transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that complexes that couple redox…
Q: 2. Name two shuttle systems that transport NADH from cytoplasm into a mitochondrion.
A: Question no.2: The shuttle system is malate-aspartate shuttle.
Q: For each of the following experiments, tell me whether you would expect the rate of O₂ consumption…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is synthesized and is also coupled to the…
Q: For the mitochondrial membrane described in pic, how many protons must be transported to provide…
A: Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 retains most of the free energy produced during the process glucose…
Q: 3. What is the effect of each of the following on the affinity of human HbA for the dioxygen (O2)…
A: Hemoglobin plays an important role in the transportation of the gases to the body and helps in the…
Q: 1. How many NADH _____& ATP _____are produced from the beta oxidation of Lauric Acid? 2. How many…
A: Most fatty acids are degraded by sequential removal of two-carbon fragments from the carboxyl end…
Q: How does the location of ATP synthase differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Where do protons…
A: ATP synthase is considered a protein molecule that plays a significant role in catalyzing the…
Q: 8. What process is activated to segregate damaged mitochondria? A. Mitochondrial fusion. B.…
A: Mitochondria are the cell's power producers. They convert energy into forms that are usable by the…
Q: 1. What type of metabolic pathways do they have as a result of losing their mitochondria? For…
A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first 3 sub-parts only. so please kingly post the…
Q: Please explain why D)[2,3,&4]is wrong answer and give me the correct answer
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of generation of ATP molecules. The process takes place in…
Q: As electrons move through the mitochondrial space? A) water is oxidized B) the PH of the…
A:
Q: 22. The membrane potential difference (Ay or Vm) across the inner mitochondrial membrane is -180 mV…
A: The difference in electrical potential across the membrane of cell or cell’s organelle is known as…
Q: 1. Name and draw diagrammatically the series of mitochondrial electron transfer catalysts, starting…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions we will answer the first question for you. If you want the…
Q: 5.6. When animal cells produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid…
A: Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for the body. End product of carbohydrate metabolism…
Q: 5. Water is produced in which of the following complexes? a. Complex I b. Complex II c. Complex III…
A: Cellular respiration is a response or process that occurs when the body's cells break down food to…
Q: 4. Do the products or reactants of cellular respiration have more potential energy? Explain.
A: The process by which living organisms combine oxygen with nutrients, to carry out life-sustaining…
Q: In terms of energy transduction (a) in vwhat way are mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV similar?…
A: Constant energy transduction mechanisms are required for life to exist. The obtained energy, whether…
Q: 4. Which of the following is not a copper-containing enzyme? A. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase…
A: Copper affects enzyme activity both as a cofactor and as an allosteric component of several enzymes.
Q: Some human diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrialgenes. Which of the following statements…
A: Mitochondrial gene associated diseases are generally inherited from the mother as the mitochondrial…
Q: How many molecules of ADP as reactant are needed to produce about 38 molecules of ATP for eukaryotic…
A: The human cells need the energy to function properly and it is obtained through diet. The primary…
Q: A hypothetical electron-transport chain contains an electron donor (1), an electron carrier (2), and…
A: All biological reactions that take place in a cell are referred to as the metabolism. It is divided…
Q: 7.52 In one of the reactions in the citric acid cycle, which provides energy, succinic acid is…
A: Citric acid cycle is also known as Krebs's cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. It was discovered by…
Q: 54) Exposing inner mitochondrial membr membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out."…
A: 54-Inside of the vesicles will become acidic when NADH is added Explanation: During the transport of…
Q: 1. Describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation (how the electrons from sugar are used to…
A: As you have asked two questions, we are instructed to answer only one. lLease repost the question…
Q: The difference in pH between the internal and external surfaces of the inner mitochondrial membrane…
A: The movement of any molecule or ion down or up a concentration gradient involves a change in free…
Q: 3. Explain why the set of reactions catalyzed by PDC are highly exergonic. Specifically, why is the…
A: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) is involved in the process of oxidative decarboxylation.
Q: What are the reactants and products in photosynthesis?
A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will answer only the first question for you. If you want…
Q: 1) If we put a photosynthetic organism in a closed, sealed environment and shine a light on it, we…
A: Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy. The…
Q: Why are fatigue and“exercise intolerance”, such as Jasmin’s extreme exhaustion after running, common…
A: Due to our answering policy, we can only answer one question at a time. Therefore, please post the…
Q: 3. The free energy associated with the proton gradient that develops across the inner mitochondrial…
A:
Q: 1. All oxygen inhaled by animals and transported around their bodies is destined for specific…
A: The cellular respiration involves breakdown of glucose and production of energy in the form of ATP.…
Q: 1. A patient has an inborn mutation causing the inability to produce succinate dehydrogenase…
A: Answer 1. ATP will be produced by other methods such as glycolysis. But the production of ATP will…
Q: What will there be less of in these cells than in standard yeast? A. ATP B. membranes C.…
A: Baker's yeast is the common term for yeast strains often used in baking bread and other bakery goods…
Q: It has been estimated that mitochondria occupy 20% of the volume in the human body. For a 70- kg…
A: Mitochondria is a double membraned cell organelle that is involved in energy production and is also…
Q: 1. What are the three major pathways that eventually become entry points of molecules into the Krebs…
A: Hi! Thank you for the question, as per the honor code, we are allowed to answer the first…
Q: 1. How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration interact on a global scale? Think of the flow of…
A: 1.Photosynthesis is an anabolic process. Cellular respiration is a catabolic process. 2.If genetic…
Q: What are the different components of the electron transport chain, where are they situated in cells?…
A: Components of the electron transport chain are situated in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and…
Q: 5. How does yeast utilize glucose for respiration? Write down the chemical equation
A: Yeast uses glucose molecule for respiration and ultimately lead to formation of ethanol. Therefore…
Q: 2. How many ATP, NADH and FADH2 are produced by one molecule of glucose proceeding through the…
A: The TCA cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle.
Q: 18. The figures below illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and…
A: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) comes under the category of energy molecule present in the human body…
Q: 1) Dichlorophenyldimethylurea inhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer between the…
A: Dichlorophenyldimethylurea is an algicide and herbicide, which destroys them by inhibiting their…
Q: 15- The sodium pump moves sodium ions 23. Oxidative Phosphorylation occurs a. in the cytosol. b. in…
A: Introduction:- Oxidation is the process through which a material loses one electron in a chemical…
Q: . What is the difference between electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?
A: There are three stage process by which cells undergo to breakdown the organic fuel in order to…
Q: How does yeast utilize glucose for respiration? Write down the chemical equation.
A:
answer #2
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- 6. Which of the following components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the only one to be considered a peripheral protein? the cytochrome a-a3 complex the cytochrome c oxidase complex coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) the cytochrome b-c1 complex cytochrome c7. Why are electron carriers (NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2) so important in the process of cellular respiration? a) They deliver electrons to the ETC, which in turn sets up chemiosmosis, where most of the ATP is generated. b) They separate the electrons from the protons so that the protons can be moved out of the mitochondrion. c) NADH and FADH2 are major components of the ETC, so without them, there would be no ETC in the cell. d) The electrons that they carry are able to directly phosphorylate ADP in order to generate the bulk of ATP in the cell. e) They transport protons across the mitochondrial membrane.#1) As electrons move through the mitochondrial space? A) water is oxidized B) the PH of the intermembrane space decreases C) they will no longer be able to perform anaerobic respiration #2) A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. However, the muscles still function. Phisicans find what? A) the muscles contain large amounts of carbon dioxide following even mild physical exercise B) the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvate C) the muscles require extremly high levels of oxygen to function #3) Bacteria that are unable to survive in the presence of oxygen are called? A) obligate anaerobes B) aerotolerant anaerobes C) facultative anaerobes #4) A friend tells you that he is going on a low-carb diet to lose weight because he thinks that carbs contain more energy than fats or protein. What would you tell your friend about his plan? A) This is a good idea because sugars have more electrons than fats and protein B) This is an…
- 1. Which of the following processes generates the most ATP? (Account for the no. of ATP) a. ) Citric Acid Cycle b.) Fatty Acid oxidation c.) Glycogenolysis d.) Glycolysis e.) Pentose phosphate pathway 2. What is the overall chemical changes that occur during one complete turn of the Krebs cycle? 3. Does the mitochondrial matrix ever run out of protons for pumping in oxidative phosphorylation?5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?1) When a de-coupler such as 2,4-DNP is added to a respiring mitochondrion, which of the following effects on the process of ETC-OP will be true, which will be false. a) Mitochondria no longer reduce O2 to H2 b) Electrons no longer enter the electron transport chain. c) Activity of Complex V (ATP Synthase) is greatly decreased. d) The P/O ratio for FADH2 becomes larger than the P/O ratio for NADH. e) Protons are no longer pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. 2) The rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is: a) condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. b) formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate. c) formation of malonyl-CoA from malonate and coenzyme A. d) the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
- 1) Dichlorophenyldimethylurea inhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer between the plastoquinone in photosystem II. a) Would you expect this to interfere with cyclic photophosphorylation? b) This herbicide normally stops O2 evolution, but if we add ferricyanide to the chloroplasts, O2 evolution continues. Why might this be the case?9 .The energy of electron transport (by the ETC) serves to move protons (hydrogen ions, or H+) to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? a) This movement of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion. b) The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane c) The protons receive electrons from the NAD+ and FAD that were accepted in glycolysis ad the citric acid cycle d) The protons are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reactionIn the 1930’s DNP was given to people to lose weight. DNP makes the mitochondrial membrane leaky to hydrogen ions. Why might this cause one to lose weight? Why would this cause death? How is this similar or different to cyanide which binds to complex IV in the mitochondria?
- 1. Label each statement about electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation as true or false and state why you say so. a. The electron transport chain involves four enzyme complexes found in mitochondria. b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the electron transport chain. c. HCN is a poison that binds to the ATP synthase enzyme, thus inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. d. During electron transport, H+ is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix.1. Why are fatigue and“exercise intolerance”, such as Jasmin’s extreme exhaustion after running, common symptoms of mitochondrial diseases? 2. A newborn develops severe vomiting and symptoms of metabolic acidosis. Urinalysis results are positive for ketones and negative for glucose and other reducing substances. If the urine had an odor of “sweaty feet,” what metabolic disorder would be suspected? If the newborn were producing dark brown urine with a sweet odor, what disorder would be suspected?Mitochondria are critical for normal metabolism. From which parent did each human being’s original mitochondria come from at conception? In Luft’s syndrome the mitochondria are not producing sufficient amounts of ATP. What series of reactions could be most responsible for the deficiency? What are some other conditions that are thought to involve mitochondrial malfunction? What's your opinion on the 3-parent babies technique approved in the UK?