1. Name and draw diagrammatically the series of mitochondrial electron transfer catalysts, starting with the oxidation of NADH and succinate and ending with the reduction of O2.
Q: Which is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA? Select one: A. RNA contains uracil; DNA usually…
A: Introduction: Nucleic acids are molecules that store hereditary information for cellular growth and…
Q: Lipids may originate through carbocation-based condensation of thioesters or by carbanion-based…
A: Lipids are a class of compounds that are insoluble in water and soluble in non-polar solvents.…
Q: 5. A young woman decided to lose weight and abstained from fat-containing food for several months.…
A: Fats are glycerides (mono, di and tri), sterols, phospholipids and free fatty acids. it is stored in…
Q: (d) Identify a wax from the list of compounds shown. ____________ (e) Identify a diglyceride from…
A: The three principal categories of lipids are phospholipids , sterols, and triglycerides.
Q: Which undergoes more number of beta-oxidation cycles - degrading a 16:0 lipid or degrading a 16:2…
A: β-oxidation is the process of degradation of fatty acids by the oxidation of βcarbon atoms of the…
Q: Which protein standard curve would you use to read off the protein concentration of an unknown…
A: Proteins are composed of twenty standard amino acids attached together via peptide bonds. Protein's…
Q: The reaction is reversible. Check all that apply. acetyl CoA lactate ethanol
A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Compare the old (Boot's method) and new (Green) syntheses of Ibuprofen in the light of Green…
A: Introduction: Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is widely used in the…
Q: Dietary factors associated with increased risk for obesity are increased dietary fat intake and…
A: Obesity and overweight occurs when the amount of calorie that we take via food exceed the bodies…
Q: Figure Ql shows the typical electrical recording of movement artifacts during the resting potential…
A: Neurons are the basic structures and functional units of the nervous system. The axon or the nerve…
Q: Aside from gel electrophoresis Give another method to quantify DNA. Explain the concept behind this…
A: DNA quantification is a type of quantification of nucleic acids that is used for the determination…
Q: Name of complex Electron donor No. of H+ ions pumped (NADH/FADH2) 1. 5. 7. 2. 6. 8. 3. 9. 4. 10.
A: The electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondria. There are four electron transport chain…
Q: What is the purpose of the low temperature step in the PCR reaction? a. To allow DNA polymerase to…
A: The denaturation step of PCR is optimized for high temperatures. The annealing step in PCR is…
Q: Which of the following is NOT produced during the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate shunt? a…
A: Pentose phosphate shunt is a metabolic pathway that is involved in the synthesis of pentose sugar…
Q: What is the name of the molecule when glucose is bound to hemoglobin? a. Glycohemoglobin b.…
A: Hemoglobin is an iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein located in almost all vertebrate…
Q: FOV measured at 100x total magnification is 400 micrometers. What is the FOV at 40X total…
A: Formula to find the unknown field of view if the field of view of the scanning value: Total…
Q: The picture shown depicts what type of compound binding to an enzyme? A) A competitive inhibitor B)…
A: Regulatory enzymes show increased or decreased catalytic activity in response to specific types of…
Q: Usually found in prokaryotes, regulatory sequences lying adjacent to the DNA being transcribed are…
A: Usually found in prokaryotes, regulatory sequences lying adjacent to the DNA being transcribed are…
Q: Spliceosomes include all of the following EXCEPT enzymes catalyzing acetylation of histone…
A: Introduction: The splicing of RNA occurs by a large complex known as the spliceosome. It contains…
Q: Which of the following reactions is the most exergonic? a Conversion of PEP to Pyruvate b…
A: Exergonic reaction is the reaction in which energy is released when reactants are converted to…
Q: In a different instance of two infants suspected to have a defi- ciency of the PDH complex because…
A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation (catabolic…
Q: Match the following methods of Analysis Fractional analysis, methylation, and periodate oxidation A.…
A: Methods of analysis are different techniques used to analyse a compound for determination of its…
Q: during digestion the pH in the stomach is 2. what does this indicate about the optimum pH of pepsin…
A: Digestion is the process of conversion of complex food substances into simple absorbable forms. The…
Q: Explain the changes that you observed in terms of change in protein structure at the molecular level…
A: Proteins have different levels of conformation, which includes, primary structure, secondary…
Q: Which characteristic is shared by the ring forms of the given monosaccharides? * CH2OH CHO O= H- HO-…
A: Ring forms of monosacharides are formed by reaction of aldehyde or ketone functional group with one…
Q: You prepared a 7x 10^5x dilution from your bacterial culture, plated 0.2 ml of it on a Petridish and…
A: A colony-forming unit (cfu) is a unit used in microbiology to estimate the number of viable bacteria…
Q: Question 11 Match the different carbohydrates' nomenclature/ glycan representation with their…
A: IUPAC-IUBMB, symbol nomenclature, LINUCS, and linear code are different nomenclatures used to name…
Q: Identify the monosaccharide below
A: Carbohydrates are largely composed of carbon and water, and most of them have the empirical formula…
Q: What the world looks like due to mutation?illustrate
A: The mutation causes during the process of replication, transcription, or translation due to…
Q: In relation to the peptide sequence that is presented. -Gly - Ser – Cys – Asp – Glu – Arg – Cys –…
A: The given peptide sequence contains 8 amino acids. In a peptide, individual amino acids are joined…
Q: Biological value
A: Protein efficiency ratio: It is defined as a ratio of weight gain of a subject to protein intake.…
Q: Is taking Multivitamins plus zinc every day affect Our lipid metabolism? If yes, in what way?
A: Zinc, alone or in conjunction with some other recognised antioxidant minerals and vitamins, may…
Q: tफकाटक ननी वकट नवींणणणणय हैमकजनाययळे प्B fAtzeorgating a) it is mare highly hydrated. are pressture…
A: The hydrophobic interaction is critical for the stability of several bioactive systems and plays a…
Q: Problem 2. Competitive inhibitors are commonly used to make pharmaceuticals. Some cancer drugs act…
A: We need to plot the Lineweaver Burk Plot (LB Plot) to solve this problem. So first we need to find…
Q: Which nuclear isotope used in protein NMR spectroscopy is the most sensitive to detect? Briefly…
A: NMR Spectroscopy is used to study the structure and composition of biomolecules like proteins. Here…
Q: olysaccharides are healthier for the body than mono- or disaccharides are. What choices could you…
A: Starchy carbohydrates are also referred to as polysaccharides. Rice and potatoes are examples of…
Q: In your own understanding, what do you think is/are the reason why most of the clinical features of…
A: Deficiency disease is described as a type of disease that is majorly caused due to the lack of some…
Q: Which of the following enzyme is responsible for the regulation of biological nitrogen fixation? A.…
A: Nitrogen fixation is biochemical process by which molecular form of nitrogen with triple covalent…
Q: In monounsaturated fatty acids, the presence of a double bond is usually found at the position…
A: Depending on the presence of double or single bond the fatty acids are classified as unsaturated and…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a major source of protein? A. fish B. Milk C. Egg D. Rice
A: Introduction: Proteins are organic substances and polymers of amino acids. The elements present in…
Q: Match the following methods of Analysis v Fractional analysis, methylation, and periodate oxidation…
A: The Biochemical analysis techniques are a set of methods, procedures and assays. This enables…
Q: Five sweetener samples (labelled A to E) were tested by 97 individuals for the intensity of their…
A: Carbohydrates or carbs are maconutrient consisting of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. In nature…
Q: In your own words how are drugs and toxins can have direct and indirect stimulation of the motor…
A: Toxins and drugs are a conceivable and prevalent significant public health problem, but they…
Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the ABO blood system? People who have the…
A: There are 4 main blood groups A, B, AB and O and each of these groups can be either RhD positive or…
Q: Hormones, such as testosterone, estradiol and progesterone are examples of steroidal lipids…
A: Lipids are a macro biomolecules made of fatty acid monomers, naturally occurring organic compounds…
Q: Match the following descriptions with the correct lipid-based compounds: v Cholesterol A. building…
A: Lipids are a macro biomolecules made of fatty acid monomers, naturally occurring organic compounds…
Q: alse about aminoglycosides Can be used in the treatment of tuberculosis O a. O b. They have activity…
A: Antibiotics known as aminoglycosides treat many serious infections caused by gram-negative…
Q: Match the following descriptions with the correct lipid-based compounds:…
A: Introduction: Lipids are a heterogeneous group of biomolecules that include fats, oils, waxes, and…
Q: Problem 2. Competitive inhibitors are commonly used to make pharmaceuticals. Some cancer drugs act…
A: We need to plot the Lineweaver Burk Plot (LB Plot) to solve this problem. So first we need to find…
Q: The following bond makes bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor as one of the stable proteins.…
A: Introduction: Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) binds to trypsin and prevents peptide…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
- 1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?When the antibiotic X is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield of ATP decreases, the rate of O2 consumption increases, heat is released, and the pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane increases. Does X act as an uncoupler or an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation? Explain the experimental observations in terms of the antibiotic’s ability to transfer K+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?
- What is the major route for protons moving from the inter membrane space back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation? 1. Protons carried across the membrane by a molecule of dinitrophenol 2. Protons are transported along with ADP by the ATP/ADP translocase.3. Protons enter the half channel in subunit a facing the inter membrane space and exit via the half channel facing the mitochondrial matrix. Choose 1 correct answer explain? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionWhich of the following statements is true? A. The NADH dehydrogenase complex can pump more protons than can the cytochrome b-c1 complex. B. The pH in the mitochondrial matrix is higher than the pH in the intermembrane space. C. The proton concentration gradient and the membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane tend to work against each other in driving protons from the intermembrane space into the matrix. D. The difference in proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane has a much larger effect than the membrane potential on the total proton-motive force.Given that malonate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase which of the following statements is TRUE? a. FADH2 results in only 4 H+ being pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. b. All electron transport is inhibited. c. Transfer of electrons from NADH to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is inhibited. d. Transfer of electrons from FADH2 to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is inhibited. e. NADH results in only 4 H+ being pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. Clear my choice
- Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L, when there is an excess of mitochondrial L, it converts to M using a TCA condensation reaction, M crosses to the cytosol using a designated transport system. In the cytosol, M reconverts to L and oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is subsequently converted to malate with simultaneous production of N, a prerequisite cofactor for the glycolysis pathway. This reaction is then followed by conversion of N to pyruvate which produces O, a prerequisite cofactor for the fatty acid synthesis pathway. L M N O A. ATP pyruvate malate NADPH B. ATP citrate ATP NAD+ C. acetyl CoA pyruvate NAD+ NADH D. acetyl CoA citrate NAD+ NADPH E. glucose pyruvate malate NADP+Which of the following statements is NOT true about the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation? (Only one answer applies) A. Oxidative phosphorylation requires the enzyme complexes to be soluble in the mitochondrial matrix. B. If the proton gradient is too high, electrons will not move through the ETC. C. The movement of electrons down the ETC only happens if protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. D. Oxidative phosphorylation requires the mitochondrial intermembrane space to be more positively charged than the matrix. E. The free energy of the proton gradient can be used to create high energy bonds.
- Which of the following statements is NOT true about the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation? A. Oxidative phosphorylation requires the enzyme complexes to be soluble in the mitochondrial matrix. B. If the proton gradient is too high, electrons will not move through the ETC. C. The movement of electrons down the ETC only happens if protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. D. Oxidative phosphorylation requires the mitochondrial intermembrane space to be more positively charged than the matrix. E. The free energy of the proton gradient can be used to create high energy bonds.Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport system are similar in that: (READ THESE ANSWER CHOICES CAREFULLY!) a Both give their electrons to Complex I. b Both give their electrons directly to Ubiquinone (CoQ). c Both require Ubiquinone, Complex III, Cytochrome C, and Complex IV, ultimately resulting in reduction of O2 d Both result in pumping of H+ from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix.An important function of the inner mitochondrial membrane is to provide a selectively permeable barrier to the movement of water soluble molecules and thus to generate different chemical environments on either side of the mem- brane. However, many of the substrates and products of oxidative phosphorylation are water soluble and must cross the inner membrane. How does this transport occur?