2. Luc Montagnier worldly renowned virologist, who first isolated HIV and Noble prize winner, wrote about Covid-19 as man-made virus. He and his team conclude that this virus in different than regular coronavirus, because HIV and Malaria are added to his genome and this cannot happen naturally. Is this one of many conspiracy theories or the truth?

Q: 6. Knowing that the virus from Washington probably arose first, make a list below predicting the…

A: A sequence alignment is a method of organizing DNA, RNA, or protein sequences to find patterns of…

Q: Let's Think Critically 1. Would you argue that viruses are alive? Why or why not? Base your answer…

A: A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)…

Q: 5. Parvovirus B19, which is FLASE A. is single-stranded RNA B. infects humans only C. is highly…

A: parvovirus B19 was the first known human virus in the family Parvoviridae, genus Erythroparvovirus.…

Q: Please explain the difference between virus and bacteriophage multiplication. Be detailed.

A: Viruses to multiply, usually need support of the cells they infect. Only in their host´s nucleus can…

Q: influenza

A: introduction  The flu infections are described by divided, negative-strand RNA genomes requiring a…

Q: Why were Ignaz Semmelweis ideas ignored at his time in history 2. Which of its proteins does…

A: Ans-1 Ignaz Sammelweis was a Hungarian physician who disapproved the belief that post-operation…

Q: 2. What are the four morphological classes of virus?

A: According to Bartleby rule I am going to solve the the first question only. You can ask second…

Q: Which characteristics of the living things do viruses have? Which do they lack?

A: Viruses are submicroscopic biological entities,which are considered at the borderline between living…

Q: 2. You sequence the integrase protein region of two HIV viruses to investigate their differences.…

A: dS and dN values are the rate of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution, respectively. dN =…

Q: Diagram the life cycle for a virus that uses an RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase.

A: Reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that…

Q: 3. Human Papillomaviruses are characterised by all of the following EXCEPT A. A genome of…

A: Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus affecting different parts of the…

Q: 1. What impacts might mutations have on the transmission of the virus (COVID-19)? 2. At which stage…

A: COVID-19 is corona virus or we can say it as a respiratory virus which then transmit to severe…

Q: 6. Variations of the plaque assay can be used to determine the number of animal viruses from a…

A: There are few points about Plaque assay : When treated with the lawn of susceptible cells , a…

Q: 1. A particular virus with DNA as its genetic materialhas the following proportions of nucleotides:…

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that contains a large number of nucleotides.…

Q: 3 differences between new and old coronavirus disease in relation to their molecule

A: Corona virus is the cause of newly discovered infectious disease COVID 19, this disease mainly…

Q: 3) What is the most successful treatment during pregnancy to reduce transmission of HIV from mother…

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells in the body that help it battle…

Q: How would you be able to distinguish between a virus that is undergoing a lytic or lysogenic cycle?…

A: A virus is a parasitic organism that cannot replicate on its own. A virus, on the other hand, can…

Q: 3. (a). Illustrate and describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles for the production of viruses. (b).…

A: Introduction :  A prokaryotic organism with only one cell is a bacteria. They lack a nucleus and…

Q: Describe the key contributors to and consequences of viral genome evolution, and state why RNA…

A: Genome is a set of information of genetic material for any organism.  Usually the genome is stored…

Q: 7. What is unusual about prions compared with viruses or bacterial pathogens that makes them so…

A: Thank you for the question  Answer  :- Prions are harmful proteins that are found in the brain.…

Q: 13) The end product in case of DNA polymerase during the Lumpy skin disease virus replication is :…

A: The lumpy skin disease is caused by the virus capripox and in this disease the cartels get infected.

Q: 3. Imagine that you are a researcher at a pharmaceutical company charged with developing new drugs…

A: Answer: ANTI-VIRAL DRUG = These are the chemicals used to treat the infection causing pathogens,…

Q: A virus that typically forms an envelope is now being prevented from budding out of the host cell.…

A: Enveloped viruses (e.g., HIV) typically are released from the host cell by budding. During this…

Q: 1. Identify the type of chromosome mutation portrayed by the illustrations that follow. The mutation…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: 3. Is the virus pictured below a naked virus or envelop virus? How can you tell? (2) 4. What is the…

A: Virus is a very small infectious agent, which has a separate kingdom of its own because it stays…

Q: 1. "Describe how the T‐even bacteriophage attaches and enters the host cells. Which part of the…

A: T-even bacteriophage-tolerant mutants are Escherichia coli strains that can adsorb T-even phages but…

Q: 8. Describe why viruses are typically not considered to be alive.

A: Virus is a very infectious agent which can replicate only inside a living cell. They have either DNA…

Q: 4. Write a discussion on the "Structure of Virus". (You may read chapter 17 and any other peer-…

A: Viruses are tiny obligatory intracellular parasites with a virus-coded protein sheath enveloping an…

Q: Discuss the characteristics of retroviruses. How do they act? How is their action different from…

A: Retrovirus are virus that has RNA as genetic material. When it infects the cell it first convert RNA…

Q: 8. Salmonella has genes that allow it to survive acidic conditions like the stomach acid and the…

A: Salmonella  enterica  is a pathogenic bacteria,it evolves a specialized strategy to survive and…

Q: 5. Why do viruses with a + strand of RNA make a - strand of RNA. .

A: The virus is an infectious agent which replicates inside the living cells of an organism. They will…

Q: 1. When SARS-CoV-2 replicates in cells, mutations can occur in the virus's genome. Explain how a…

A: A mutation is a DNA alteration effecting the protein it encodes.

Q: 3. In this time of pandemic, brought about by corona virus, the entire world is looking for the most…

A: VACCINE- A vaccination is a substance that is injected into a person's body to protect them from…

Q: 1. What is fundamentally different about the way viruses reproduce compared to other cellular forms…

A: Virus are obligate parasites.  That means they are active only inside a live host .

Q: 1. Describe what class of virus SARS-CoV-2 belongs to and why.

A: DISCLAIMER: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If…

Q: 2.  Briefly describe the replication of Adenoviruses, Filoviruses, Picornaviruses, and Retroviruses…

A: To begin the infection cycle, all viruses require interaction between a cell surface molecule called…

Q: 1. List the sequences of events in lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral infections . 2. Which…

A: 1. The life cycle of the bacteriophages has been a good model for understanding how the viruses will…

Q: 1. Name the molecule that contributes to the shape of a capsid around a virus?

A: The capsid is basically a protective layer around the viral structure which usually protects the…

Q: 1. . Using the 3-domain approach of classification, into which domain would you place viruses?…

A: There are three domains of life:  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Q: 6. a) Some phages infecting bacteria possess the enzyme the bacterial cell wall, allowing the viral…

A: Viruses are the obligate parasite. They can replicate in living cells only.

Q: 7) The herpesviruses: a. Have three round of protein translation in its replication cycles, one…

A: Herpes simplex virus is usually related to the sexually related disease. This virus is transferred…

Q: 5) Can you diagonose influenza virus infections using some of the following techniques? (i) Western…

A: Influenza is a viral infection which directly attacks the immune system. This influenza is caused by…

Q: 11- Can a virus have a phospholipid bilayer as part of its structure? A. No B. Yes, these are the…

A: ANSWER  Virus have phospholipid bilayer as part of its structure (c) Yes, these are the enveloped…

Q: 1.What are the target cells of SARS-CoV-2? What do these cells have in common? 2.Retroviruses, like…

A: The coronaviral genome encodes four major structural proteins: the spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid…

Q: 1. Predict the replication step (after it has entered the host cell) for the newly discovered…

A: Double stranded DNA viruses replicate mostly in host nucleus. Few viruses may replicate in the host…

Q: 8) Is there any guaranteed way to avoid getting HIV? Explain why or why not.

A: *Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system and defense system. *…

Q: Coronavirus

A: coronaviruses  are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more…

Q: 4. The symptoms of many viruses come and go within 24 h. Use viral replication information t explain…

A: Viruses: A virus is a made up of protein and nucleic acid. It is submicroscopic infectious agent…

Q: Describe the capsid, envelope, spikes, and nucleic acid of a virus (DNA or RNA)

A: According to bartleby guidelines, the first question has been answered. Kindly post the remaining…

Q: antiviral drug

A: Viruses are tricky. They're small, mutate quickly, and make thousands and thousands of copies of…