Both Wisconsin and Michigan border Lake Michigan. The lake is becoming polluted and both states are deciding whether or not to clean it. If Wisconsin decides to clean the lake it will cost 1200 and generate social benefits of 1500 – however, - Wisconsin will receive only 1100 of those social benefits while Michigan will receive the other 400. If Michigan cleans the lake, it will cost them 700 and generate social benefits of 900 – however, Michigan will receive only 600 of those benefits while Wisconsin will receive the remaining 300. If a state does not clean the lake, it experiences a cost of $0. If Wisconsin does not clean the lake and Michigan does then the payoffs will be Question 9 options: A) Wisconsin gains 200, Michigan gains 100 B) Wisconsin gains 300, Michigan loses 100 C) Wisconsin gains 300, Michigan gains 100 D) Wisconsin gains 200, Michigan loses 100

Both Wisconsin and Michigan border Lake Michigan. The lake is becoming polluted and both states are deciding whether or not to clean it. If Wisconsin decides to clean the lake it will cost 1200 and generate social benefits of 1500 – however, - Wisconsin will receive only 1100 of those social benefits while Michigan will receive the other 400. If Michigan cleans the lake, it will cost them 700 and generate social benefits of 900 – however, Michigan will receive only 600 of those benefits while Wisconsin will receive the remaining 300. If a state does not clean the lake, it experiences a cost of $0. If Wisconsin does not clean the lake and Michigan does then the payoffs will be Question 9 options: A) Wisconsin gains 200, Michigan gains 100 B) Wisconsin gains 300, Michigan loses 100 C) Wisconsin gains 300, Michigan gains 100 D) Wisconsin gains 200, Michigan loses 100

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter12: Environmental Protection And Negative Externalities

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10SCQ: Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the...

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In the Land of Purity, there is only one form of pollution, called gunk. Table 12.14 shows possible combinations of economic output and reduction of gunk, depending on what kinds of environmental regulations you choose. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the percentage reduction of gunk, and with the quantity of economic output on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between K and L, can you say which one is better and why? In the choice between K. and N, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is move likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice L or M? Why?
Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the total costs of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits of doing so. (Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits.) Using the information in Table 12.8, calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this city. See Production, Costs and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how to calculate marginal costs. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? Why not just pass a law that films can emit zero sewage? After all, the total benefits of zero emissions exceed the total costs.
Give an example of a positive externality and an example of a negative externality.
In what ways (it) company investments in research and development create positive externalities?
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a) If the total benefits to society of achieving some specific level of pollution control aresignificantly greater than the total costs to society of doing so, will it necessarily beeconomically efficient (socially optimal) to do so? Explain your answer with words and agraph.b) In March 2011, the US EPA issued a report that looked at the results of the Clean Air Actfrom 1990 to 2020 (see: http://www.epa.gov/air/sect812/prospective2.html). This reviewfound that in the central estimate of the CAA’s impact, benefits exceeded costs by a ratio of30 to 1. This leads some environmental policy commentators to conclude that the EPA hadnot gone far enough in reducing air pollution. Under what conditions would a benefit costratio of 30:1 imply that it would be economically efficient to further reduce air pollutionunder the CAA? Assuming the EPA’s benefit-cost estimate is correct, is it possible that itcould actually be economically efficient to loosen, rather than strengthen, air…
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