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World of Chemistry, 3rd edition

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781133109655

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter3: Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, And Ions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 56A

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Question

please help with the last one

11:43
Done
11 of 11
Fe*2
56
26
24
Cu*1
29
34
63
29
27
For the next two sections you must show all of your work for
credit.
Average Atomic Mass Calculations
1. The noble gas, neon, has three isotopes of masses, 22, 21, and 20.
If the isotopes have the abundance 8.01%, 1.99% and 90.00%
respectively, what is the average atomic mass of neon atoms?
2. A naturally occurring same of an element consists of two isotopes,
one of mass 85 and one of mass 87. The abundance of these
isotopes is 71% and 29%. Calculate the average atomic mass of
an atom of this element.
3. If 6°Ga and 7"Ga occur in the %'s 62.1 and 37.9, calculate the
average atomic mass of gallium atoms.
Percent Abundance
1. A sample of Germanium has an average mass of 72.63 amu. If the
sample is composed of only Ge-70 and Ge-74, what is the percent
abundance of each isotope?
2. What is the relative abundance of each isotope present in a sample
of Tin if the average atomic mass of the sample is 118.711 amu
and only contains isotopes Sn-118 and Sn-122?

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An element has the following natural abundances and isotopic masses: 90.92% abundance with 19.99 amu, 0.26% abundance with 20.99 amu, and 8.82% abundance with 21.99 amu. Calculate the average atomic mass of this element.
Without consulting your textbook or notes, state as many points as you can of Dalton’s atomic theory. Explain in your own words each point of the theory.
One of the early models of the atom proposed that atoms were wispy balls of positive charge with the electrons evenly distributed throughout. What would you expect to observe if you conducted Rutherfords experiment and the atom had this structure?
Calculate the atomic mass of each of the following elements using the given data for the percentage abundance and mass of each isotope. a. Lithium: 7.42% 6Li (6.01 amu) and 92.58% 7Li (7.02 amu) b. Magnesium: 78.99% 24Mg (23.99 amu), 10.00% 25Mg (24.99 amu), and 11.01% 26Mg (25.98 amu)
For each of the negative ions listed in column 1, use the periodic table to find in column 2 the total number of electrons the ioncontains. A given answer may be used more than once. Column 1 Column 2 [ 1] Se2 [a] 18 [ 21 S2 [b] 35 [ 31 P3 [c] 52 [ 4] O2 [d] 34 [ 5] N3 [e]36 [6] I [f] 54 [7] F [g] 10 [8] Cl [h]9 [9] Br [i] 53 [101 At [j] 86
Your friend tells you about an article that he read in a tabloid that reported the discovery of a new form of carbon containing eight protons in the nucleus of its atoms. He claims that scientists are eager to explore the properties of this new form of carbon. What is wrong with the tabloid's claim? a. Nothing. The claim is believable. b. The claim must be false because an atom with eight protons would be oxygen, which is already known. c. The claim must be false because all forms of carbon are already known.
A combustion reaction involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen gas. The complete combustion of any hydrocarbon (binary compound of carbon and hydrogen) produces carbon dioxide and water as the only products. Octane is a hydrocarbon that is found in gasoline. Complete combustion of octane produces 8 L of carbon dioxide for every 9 L of water vapor (both measured at the same temperature and pressure). What is the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms in a molecule of octane?
One of the best indications of a useful theory is that it raises more questions for further experimentation than it originally answered. How does this apply to Dalton’s atomic theory? Give examples.
How would you expect the chemical properties of isotopes of the same element to compare to each other? Explain your answer.
Open the Build an Atom simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomBld) Drag protons, neutrons, and electrons onto the atom template to make a neutral atom of Lithium-6 and give the isotope symbol for this atom. Now remove one electron to make an ion and give the symbol for the ion you have created.
What defines an element? How many naturally occurring elements exist?
Which of the following is(are) correct? a.40Ca2+ contains 20 protons and 18 electrons. b. Rutherford created the cathode-ray tube and was the founder of the charge-to-mass ratio of an electron. c. An electron is heavier than a proton. d. The nucleus contains protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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