20. In actual practice, short-term interest rates and long-term interest rates usually move together; this is the main weakness of A) segmented markets theory. B) expectations theory. C) liquidity premium theory. D) separable markets theory.
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- Explore the assertion regarding the state ofFinancial Markets, both globally and within the Caribbean region, evaluating whether they arecharacterized by market perfection or imperfection. Argue in favorthat markets are perfect , allowing for a comprehensive examination ofthe topic. To enhance the analysis of key points in the subject argument, it is imperative to employrelevant finance theories or concepts which either validate or refute the EMH. These concepts serveas a robust framework for understanding financial phenomena. By leveraging established concepts,one can systematically evaluate the evidence presented, thereby bolstering the argument'scredibility and depth.Assume that it is January 1, 2003. The rate of inflation is expected to be 4 percent thought 2003. However, increased government deficits and renewed vigor in the economy are then expected to push information rates higher. Investors expect the inflation rate to be 5 percent in 2004, 6 per percent cent in 2005, and 7 percent in 2006. The real risk-free rate, k*, is expected to remain at 2 percent over the next 5years. Assume that on maturity risk premiums are required on bonds with 5 years of less to maturity. The current interest rate on 5 year T-bonds is 8 Percent. What is the average expected inflation rate over the next 4 year? What should be the prevailing interest rate on 4-year T-bond? What is the implied expected inflation rate in 2007, or Year 5, give that Treasury bonds which mature in the year yield 8 percent?Goods Market: Money Market:C=50 + 0.8(Y-T) MS=490I=120-400r MD=.5y-100rG=110T=50 Suppose there is an increased risk in the financial markets. Show graphically what happens tor, Y, and P in the SR and LR using both IS/LM/FE and AD/AS. Suppose there is a huge drop in consumer confidence. Show graphically what happens to r, Y,and P in the SR and LR using both IS/LM/FE and AD/AS.
- Title what happens to the expected return, the standard deviation of returns, and possible risk-return combinations when a risk-free asset is combined with a portfolio of risky assets. Description An Introduction to Asset Pricing Modelsa. List the assumptions of the capital market theory.b. Explain what happens to the expected return, the standard deviation of returns, and possible risk-return combinations when a risk-free asset is combined with a portfolio of risky assets.c. Identify the market portfolio and describe the role of the market portfolio in the formation of the capital market line (CML).d. Define systematic and unsystematic risk and explain why an investor should not expect to receive additional return for assuming unsystematic risk.e. Describe the capital asset pricing model, diagram the security market line (SML), and define beta.f. Calculate and interpret using the SML, the expected return on a security and evaluate whether the security is undervalued,…Due date: Friday November 20, 2015Too Big to FailAmerican International Group, INC (AIG) caseIntroductionAIG is the story of a company, and its network of financial partners, who tookunprecedented risk and fell because of it. To prevent global economic disaster, the U.S.government came to its rescue. This has resulted in the biggest taxpayer bailout of a privatecompany in American history.BackgroundAmerican International Group, Inc. â also known as AIG â is an Americanmultinational insurance corporation with more than 88 million customers in 130 countries. AIGcompanies employ over 64,000 people in 90 countries. The company operates through three corebusinesses: AIG Property Casualty, AIG Life and Retirement and United Guaranty Corporation(UGC). AIG Property Casualty provides insurance products for commercial, institutional andindividual customers. AIG Life and Retirement provides life insurance and retirement services inthe United States. And UGC focus…Question 2: Assume that the risk-free rate, RF, is currently 8%, the market return, RM, is 12%, and asset A has a beta, of 1.10. (could be done on word document or excel). Draw the security market line (SML) Use the CAPM to calculate the required return, on asset A. Assume that as a result of recent economic events, inflationary expectations have declined by 3%, lowering RF and RM to 5% and 9%, respectively. Draw the new SML on the axes in part a, and calculate and show the new required return for asset A. Assume that as a result of recent events, investors have become more risk averse, causing the market return to rise by 2%, to be14%. Ignoring the shift in part c, draw the new SML on the same set of axes that you used before, and calculate and show the new required return for asset A. From the previous changes, what conclusions can be drawn about the impact of (1) decreased inflationary expectations and (2) increased risk aversion on the required returns of risky assets?
- E3 The demand curve and supply curve for one-year discount bonds were estimated using the following equations: Bd Price=-2/5Quantity+990 Bs Price=Quantity+500 As the stock market continued to rise, the Federal Reserve felt the need to increase the interest rates. As a result, the new market interest rate increased to 19.65%, but the equilibrium quantity remained unchanged. What are the new demand and supply equations? Assume parallel shifts in the equationsAssume that the real risk-free rate is r* = 2% and the average expected inflation rate is 3% for each future year. The DRP and LP for Bond X are each 1%, and the applicable MRP is 2%. What is Bond X’s interest rate? Is Bond X (1) a Treasury bond or a corporate bond and (2) more likely to have a 3-month or a 20-year maturity? SHOW WORK AND USE FINANCIAL CALCULATORUnder the Pure Expectations Theory, if these investors believe that interest rates will rise in the near future, a. Two statements are correct. b. they will make up for the lower short-term yield when the short-term securities mature, and they reinvest at a higher rate (if interest rates rise) at maturity. c. All statements are correct. d. the large supply of funds in the short-term market will force annualized yields down, while the reduced supply of long-term funds forces long-term yields up. e. they will invest their funds mostly in the short-term risk-free securities so that they can soon reinvest their funds in securities that offer higher yields after interest rates increase. f. their actions cause funds to flow into the short-term market and away from the long-term market. g. Three statements are correct.
- The demand D (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value FV = 1000, andtwo years to maturity as a function of its price P is D = 4000 − 2P. The supply in (billions of£) as a function of the price of the bond is S = 2P + 400. b) Suppose that the yield to maturity of the bond is i = 0.05. What is the quantitydemanded/supplied at this interest rate? What happens to the demand/supply of the bond asthe interest rate increases? Explain why. c) What is the equilibrium interest rate?The demand D (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value FV = 1000, andtwo years to maturity as a function of its price P is D = 4000 − 2P. The supply in (billions of£) as a function of the price of the bond is S = 2P + 400. b) Suppose that the yield to maturity of the bond is i = 0.05. What is the quantitydemanded/supplied at this interest rate? What happens to the demand/supply of the bond asthe interest rate increases? Explain why. c) What is the equilibrium interest rate? d) Suppose that the bond trades at premium. Is there excess demand or supply? Explain.e) There is a business cycle expansion, so both supply and demand shifts. After the shift, thenew demand curve is given by: D = 4000 + X − 2P, whereas the new supply curve is S =2P + 200. For which values of X will the interest increase/decrease? Which values of X arein line with empirical data?7. Determinants of market interest rates Some characteristics of the determinants of nominal interest rates are listed as follows. Identify the components (determinants) and the symbols associated with each characteristic: Characteristic Component Symbol This is the premium that reflects the risk associated with changes in interest rates for a long-term security. It changes over time, depending on the expected rate of return on productive assets exchanged among market participants and people’s time preferences for consumption. This premium is added when a security lacks marketability, because it cannot be bought and sold quickly without losing value. It is calculated by adding the inflation premium to r*. Over the past several years, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland have had lower interest rates than the United States due to lower values of this premium. It is based on the bond’s rating; the higher the…