22. (a) Prove that [0, x] = [0, y] for all x, y E Z, x + 0, y # 0. (b) Prove that [ax, ay] = [x, y] for all a, x, y E Z, a ± 0, y ± 0. (c) Prove that [x, x] = [1, 1] for all x E Z, x + 0.

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