23.  What effect makes the chloride a good leaving group in acyl chloride? a. +I b. -I c. +M d. -M   24. What reagent would you treat an amine to convert it to: (i) an imine; and, (ii) amide? a. ketone; acyl chloride b. aldehyde; acyl chloride c. ketone; carboxylic acid d. aldehyde; carboxylic acid   25.  (i) Why do amines not directly react with carboxylic acids to form amides? (ii) How would you remedy this problem? a. amines form a salt with carboxylic acids; treat amine with SOCl₂ b. amines form an adduct with carboxylic acids; treat amine with SOCl₂ c. amines form a salt with carboxylic acids; treat carboxylic acid with SOCl₂ d. amines form an adduct with carboxylic acids; treat carboxylic acid with SOCl₂

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Designing a Synthesis

Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis that involves the planned construction of organic compounds/molecules from smaller units that possess functional groups. Friedrich Wöhler was the first scientist who designed the synthesis of an organic compound, urea from inorganic starting materials silver cyanate with ammonium chloride via a simple, one-step synthesis.