25. Aerobraking. A 5000 kg space pod is returning to Earth from a mission, and is using atmospheric drag to slow itself down. In order to maximize deceleration and to prevent burning up in the atmosphere, the pod has a 1000 kg spherical heat shield (note that this is included in the mass of the space pod) which is 5m in diameter. The pod enters the atmosphere at velocity v = 10 km/s horizontally and encounters a consistent drag force of F = 40.0 kN. 90% of the kinetic energy lost is turned into heat due to friction with the air molecules. This causes the heat shield to heat up and glow. If the specific heat of the heat shield is 10.0 kJ/(kg · K), what is the temperature of the heat shield after a minute if its initial temperature is -20 °C? Answer in degrees Celsius.
Gravitational force
In nature, every object is attracted by every other object. This phenomenon is called gravity. The force associated with gravity is called gravitational force. The gravitational force is the weakest force that exists in nature. The gravitational force is always attractive.
Acceleration Due to Gravity
In fundamental physics, gravity or gravitational force is the universal attractive force acting between all the matters that exist or exhibit. It is the weakest known force. Therefore no internal changes in an object occurs due to this force. On the other hand, it has control over the trajectories of bodies in the solar system and in the universe due to its vast scope and universal action. The free fall of objects on Earth and the motions of celestial bodies, according to Newton, are both determined by the same force. It was Newton who put forward that the moon is held by a strong attractive force exerted by the Earth which makes it revolve in a straight line. He was sure that this force is similar to the downward force which Earth exerts on all the objects on it.
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