2(b)There are three people and two goods in an economy. The utility functions and the given below: U₁ = X11 X 12 W₁ = (0,8) W>=(2,2) U, = 2X zi+ X zz U₂ = X 32 X 32+X 32 W;= (8,0) Suppose it is suggested that the three traders move to the allocation x given by x₁= (1,2), x₂= (8,4), X₁= (1,4) b. Show that x makes no one worse off than the original allocation. c. Show that x is not in the core.
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- Suppose that Marissa is interested in buying some beers and hamburgers. Her budget constraint for these two goods is given below: If beers cost $6/beer, how much income does she have to spend on beer and hamburgers? Group of answer choices $24 $18 $12 not enough information to answer the questionWhich is the correct answer ? Suppose there are 10 apples and 10 oranges in the economy. Joe is currently consuming 4 apples and 5 oranges, and Jane is consuming 6 apples and 5 oranges. At this allocation, Joe's marginal utility of apples is 3, and his marginal utility of oranges is 5. Jane's marginal utility of apples is 6, and her marginal utility of oranges is 10. The current price of apples is R4 per unit and the current price of oranges is R5 per unit. To reach a competitive equilibrium, the required price adjustment is: A. A decrease in the orange price relative to the apple price. B. A decrease in the apple price relative to the orange price. C. No change in the relative prices. D. An increase in both prices.A consumer has GH¢600 to spend on two commodities, A and B. Commodity A costs GH¢20 per unit and Commodity B costs GH¢30 per unit. Suppose that the utility derived by the consumer from x units of Commodity A, and y Commodity B is given by the Cobb-Douglas utility functionU (x, y) = 10x0.6y0.4a. How many units of each commodity should the consumer buy tomaximize utility?b. Is the budget constraint binding?
- Smith and Jones are stranded on a desert island. Each has in her possession some slices of ham (H) and cheese (C). Smith prefers to consume ham and cheese in the fixed proportion of 2 slices of cheese to each slice of ham. Her utility function is given by Us = min(10H, 5C). Jones, on the other hand, regards ham and cheese as substitutes – she is always willing to trade 3 slices of ham for 4 slices of cheese, and her utility function is given by UJ = 4H + 3C. Total endowments are 100 slices of ham and 200 slices of cheese. a. Draw the Edgeworth Box diagram for all possible exchanges in this situation. What is the contract curve for this exchange economy? b. Suppose Smith’s initial endowment is 40 slices of ham and 80 slices of cheese (Jones has the remaining ham and cheese as her initial endowment). What mutually beneficial trades are possible in this economy and what utility levels will Smith and Jones enjoy from such trades? c. Now imagine a new endowment in which Smith has 60 slices…The U.S. imports lumber among other goods from Canada. The lumber has been the topic of political dialogue between the 2 countries in the past few days. So let’s take X as ‘lumber’ and Y as ‘other goods’. Suppose the Canadian lumber and other exportable goods are produced with the following production Possibilities frontier (PPF): X2 + Y2 = 900 Suppose the U.S. utility function for the Canadian lumber, X, and other exportable goods, Y, is: U = X Y a. Derive the conditions necessary to determine the ‘Optimal Product Mix’ discussed in chapter 10. b. Draw the PPF (partial just the first quadrant) with Y on the vertical axis. On the same graph, draw at least one indifference curve so as to show the “optimal product mix’. Can this graph represent the ‘pure exchange’ economy? Explain why or why not. c. Now draw in a price line that can make the ‘optimal product mix’ a competitive exchange equilibrium. Can…If an allocation is Pareto optimal and if indifference curves between the two goods have no kinks, then (Select all that applies) Group of answer choices a. two consumers who consume both goods must have the same MRS between them, but consumers may consume the goods in different ratios. b. two consumers with the same income who consume both goods must have the same MRS, but if their incomes differ, their MRSs may differ. c. any two consumers who consume both goods must consume them in the same ratio. d. for any two consumers who consume both goods, neither will prefer the other consumer’s bundle to his own. e. all consumers receive the bundle that they prefer to any other bundle the economy could produce for them.
- Below is an edgeworth box of two individuals, Ross and Rosa, in the consumption of two goods, X and Y 1. Consider allocations b-f (meaning points a, b, and f). Which allocations(s)A. are better for Ross than “a” (ignoring Rosa)?B. are better for Rosa than “a” (ignoring Ross)?C. are worse for both Ross and Rosa than “a”?D. are better for both Ross and Rosa than “a”?E. are Pareto superior to “a”?2. Suppose that the initial allocation is point a between Ross and Rosa.A. Discuss how Ross’s condition be made better off without harming Rosa(i.e., Rosa maintains her level of utility).B. Illustrate this in a separate diagram and label point/s as necessary (also,if other point/s will have to be made or incorporated).3. Consider once again that the initial allocation is point a. A. Discuss (very briefly) how point d is reached as a Pareto efficientallocation between Ross and Rosa.B. illustrate this condition in a separate diagram.4. Consider points b, c, d, and e. Now plot the utility…Consider a couple's decision about how many children to have. Assume that over a lifetime a couple has 100,000 hours of time to either work or raise children. The wage is $10 per hour. Raising a child takes 10,000 hours of time. a. Make a graph with the budget constraint showing the trade-off between lifetime consumption and number of children. (Ignore the fact that children come only in whole numbers!) Show indifference curves and an optimum choice. b. Suppose the wage increases to $15 per hour. Show how the budget constraint shifts. Using income and substitution effects, discuss the impact of the change on number of children and lifetime consumption. c. We observe that, as societies get richer and wages rise, people typically have fewer children. Is this fact consistent with this model? Explain.6 If someone has an income of 20 and he wants to buy Pepsi and hamburgers. Hamburgers are sold in an unusual way. There is only one supplier and the more hamburgers he buys, the higher the price per unit. So, hamburgers cost is a total of 2h^2 (squared) for hamburgers. Pepsi is sold at a price of $2. 1. In this case, write out the budget constraint of hamburgers and Pepsi. 2. His utility function is u(h,p) = 12h + 4p. Draw his 1) budget line and 2) a few indifference curves on a graph. 3. What is the optimal bundle for him?
- Demonstrate that the demands obtained in exercise 2.4 are homogeneous of degree zero in prices. Show that doubling prices does not affect the graph of the budget constraint. Exercise 2.4 Let a consumer have preferences described by the utility function and an endowment of 2 units of good 1 and 2 units of good 2. a. Construct and sketch the consumer’s budget constraint. Show what happens when the price of good 1 increases. b. By maximizing utility, determine the consumer’s demands. c. What is the effect of increasing the endowment of good 1 upon the demand for good 2? Explain your finding.D2) Economics John is a consumer of housing and food with a Cobb-Douglas utility function of U(H, F) = HaFB, with α and β being positive constants. 1) With prices remaining constant, will John raise his housing and food consumption in proportion to his increased income? Mathematically justify your answer. 2) Will John spend the same amount of his income on housing and food regardless of how much they cost or how much he earns? Mathematically justify your answer. of their prices or her income? Justify your answer mathematically.Grapes and bananas are complements for Jane and Betty. They always eat bananas and grapes in exact proportions. Jane eats one grape per three bananas.; Betty eats three grapes per one banana. Once they go to sports for hours, Jane had 30 grapes and 3 bananas and Betty had 3 grapes and 30 bananas. (assume that grapes and bananas can be divided into half) 1.Show all Pareto optimal allocations of grapes and bananas between Jane and Betty in the Edgeworth Box. Draw a bunch of indifference curves and look for tangencies.