•4 In Fig. 35-32a, a beam of light in material 1 is incident on aboundary at an angle of 30°. The extent to which the light is bendue to refraction depends, in part, on the index of refraction n, omaterial 2. Figure 35-32b gives the angle of refraction Oz versus nfor a range of possible n2 values, from n, = 1.30 to n, = 1.90. Whais the speed of light in material 1?в,40°300!30°в,20°по(a)(b)

From the graph, at an angle θ = 30°. The refractive index of the material n2 is 1.50. From Snell’s…

Answered: •4 In Fig. 35-32a, a beam of light in…

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter25: Geometric Optics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 24PE: Suppose you are using total internal reflection to make an efficient corner reflector. If there is...

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In Section 9.6, we described how the speed of light varies with wavelength (or frequency) for transparent solids. But the speed of light in matter is also a function of temperature and pressure. This dependence is most marked for gases and is instrumental in producing such things as mirages and atmospheric refraction, the latter phenomenon being the displacement of an astronomical object (like the Sun or another star) from its true position because of the passage of its light through the atmosphere. Because Earth’s atmosphere is a gaseous mixture and easily compressed, its density is highest near Earth’s surface and gradually declines with altitude. (Refer to the discussion in Section 4.4 and Figure 4.29.) Thus, the speed of light in the atmosphere is lowest near the surface and gradually gets higher, approaching c as one goes farther and farther into space. Using this fact and the law of refraction, sketch the path a light ray from the Sun would follow upon entering Earth’s atmosphere, and predict the apparent position of the Sun relative to its true position (Figure 9.85). What does this tell you about the actual location of the Sun’s disk relative to your local horizon when you see it apparently setting brilliantly in the west in the evening?
A ray of 610 nm light goes from air into fused quartz at an incident angle of 55.0°. At what incident angle must 470 nm light enter flint glass to have the same angle of refraction?
Referring to the electric room heater considered in the first example in this section, calculate the intensity of IR radiation in W/m2 projected by the concave mirror on a person 3.00 m away. Assume that the healing element radiates 1500 W and has an area of 100 cm2, and that half of the radiated power is reflected and focused by the mirror.
Prove that, if I is the intensity of light transmitted by two polarizing filters with axes at an angle and I is the intensity when the axes are at an angle 90.0, then I+I=I0, the original intensity. (Hint: Use the trigonometric identities cos(90.0)=sin and cos2+sin2=1 .)
Is it possible that total internal reflection plays a role in rainbows? Explain in terms of indices of refraction and angles, perhaps referring to Figure 25.48. Some of us have seen the formation of a double rainbow. Is it physically possible to observe a triple rainbow? Figure 25.48 Double rainbows are not a very common observance. (credit: InvictusOU812, Flickr)
Figure 25.54 shows a ray of light passing from one medium into a second and then a third. Show that 3 is the same as it would be if the second medium were not present (provided total internal reflection does not occur). Figure 25.54 A ray of light passes from one medium to a third by traveling through a second. The final direction is the same as if the second medium were not present, but the ray is displaced by x (Shawn exaggerated).
A severely myopic patient has a far point of 5.00 cm. By how many diopters should the power of his eye be reduced in laser vision correction to obtain normal distant vision for him?
While using a Michelson interferometer (shown in Fig. 37.13), you see a dark circle at the center of the interference pattern, (i) As you gradually move the light source toward the central mirror M0, through a distance /2, what do you see? (a) There is no change in the pattern, (b) The dark circle changes into a bright circle. (c) The dark circle changes into a bright circle and then back into a dark circle. (d) The dark circle changes into a bright circle, then into a dark circle, and then into a bright circle. (ii) As you gradually move the moving mirror toward the central mirror M0, through a distance /2, what tit) you see? Choose from the same possibilities.
Figure 25.49 shows a light bulb between two mirrors. One minor produces a beam at light with parallel lays; the other keeps light from escaping without being put into the beam. Where is the filament of the light in relation to the focal point or radius of curvature of each mirror? Figure 25.49 The two mirrors trap most of the bulb’s light and form a directional beam as in a headlight.
Can a sound wave in air be polarized? Explain.
Suppose you are using total internal reflection to make an efficient corner reflector. If there is air outside and the incident angle is 45.0°, what must be the minimum index of refraction of the material from which the reflector is made?
A narrow beam of white light enters a prism made of crown glass at a 45.0° incident angle, as shown in Figure 25.57. At what angles, R and V, do the red (660 nm) and violet (410 nm) components of the light emerge from the prism? Figure 25.57 This prism will disperse the while light into a rainbow of colors. The incident angle is 45.0°, and the angles at which the red and violet light emerge are R and V.

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