4+ Predict the effects of the following on glycogen metabolism and briefly explain your choice.Change OccurringEffect on glycogen levels body wide(including any tissue specific effects)Debranching enzymehas 50% of normalactivityKM of G-6-Pase is 10times higher thannormalHexokinase has 5% ofnormal VmaxEffect on blood glucose levels

Glycogen debranching enzymes helps in glycogen breakdown in liver and muscles. The enzyme glucose…

Answered: 4+ Predict the effects of the following…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter22: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, And The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P

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Which of the following statements about insulin is true? Insulin acts as a transport protein, cany in g glucose across the cell membrane. Insulin facilitates the movement of inti acellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.
GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of isocitrate into ketoglutarate succinyl CoA into succinate fumarate into malate malate into oxaloacetate
1.a. Given what you know about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, does it make sense that insulin activates PDH phosphatase? Why? b.How do vitamins increase to the breadth of chemical reactions available within a biological system?
The typical human adult uses about 160 g of glucose per day, 120 g of which is used by the brain. The available reserve of glucose (~20 g of circulating glucose and ~190 g of glycogen) is adequate to sustain the individual for about one day. After the reserve has been depleted during starvation, how would the body obtain more glucose?
Serum concentrations of acetoacetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate increase dramatically after a 3-day fast primarily because of the increased rate of which of the following?A) Fatty acid oxidation in liverB) Fatty acid synthesis in liverC) Glycogenolysis in liverD) Glycolysis in skeletal muscleE) Protein degradation in skeletal muscle
Please answer the following question: Answer the following questions about Glygogen Metabolism: (But DON’T Just think about glycogen here!) a. After a carbohydrate-filled breakfast, your blood glucose levels increase. How does glucose affect liver glycogen phosphorylase activity? Briefly explain the direct effect (i.e., not via hormones) glucose has on the enzyme, referring to the structure of the enzyme. b. Imagine you develop a drug that targets glycogen synthase kinase as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes. You need to determine if this drug activates or inhibits glycogen synthase kinase? What effect should the drug have on the phosphorylation state and activity of glycogen synthase? Explain in detail your decision. c. Would protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) have to be active or inactive for this drug to be effective? Explain the rationale for your response; be sure to refer to the function of PP1 in your response.
The synthesis and degradation of glycogen in muscle is not a futile (ATP-hydrolyzing)cycle because:A. glycogen synthase and phosphorylase are simultaneously activatedB. cyclic AMP activates adenylate kinase. C. when glycogen synthase is inactivated, phosphorylase is simultaneously activated. D. glycogen binds Mg2+, thereby lowering the concentration of MgATP2-
7. Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is CORRECT? Select one: a. Glucose-6-phosphatase hydrolyzes glucose 6-phosphate to release glucose into the blood. b. Glucose-6-phosphatase hydrolyzes glucose 6-phosphate and is found in liver and muscle. c. Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose-1-phosphate. d. Pyruvate is first converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
Glycogen synthase catalyzes glycogen synthesis. Determine whether each intermediate is associated with an “increase” or “decrease” and or “no effect” on the activity of glycogen synthase. Glucose 6-phosphate – cAMP –
CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER When glycogen is synthesized in both the liver and muscle, all the following are true, EXCEPT A.Glucose is transferred from UDP-glucose to a growing glycogen molecule by glycogen synthase.B. Phosphoglucomutase converts glucose 6-phosphate to glucose 1-phosphateC. Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to glucose by a phosphatase.D.Glucose 1-phosphate is activated by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase to produce UDP-glucose and PPi.
Triacylglycerols, with their hydrocarbon-like fatty acids, have the highest energy content of the major nutrients. (a) If 15% of the body mass of a 70.0 kg adult consists of triacylglycerols, what is the total available fuel reserve, in kilojoules and kilocalories, in the form of triacylglycerols? Recall that 1.00 kcal = 4.18 kJ. (b) If the basal energy requirement is approximately 8,400 kJ/day (2,000 kcal/day), how long could this person survive if the oxidation of fatty acids stored as triacylglycerols were the only source of energy? (c) What would be the weight loss in pounds per day under such starvation conditions (1 lb = 0.454 kg)?
Choose the correct answer: 1- Regarding to glycogen metabolism, which of the following statements about is correct : A) A key step in the synthesis of glycogen is the formation of UDP-glucose.B) Glycogen is stored mainly in the liver and brain.C) Glucagon increases the synthesis of glycogen.D) In muscle in the fasting state, glycogen is broken down to glucose 6-phosphate, thenfree glucose.E) Insulin inhibits the synthesis of glycogen. 2- Glycogenesis is initiated by: A) UDP-glucose.B) glycogenin.C) glucose-6-phosphate.D) glucose.

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