4. (a) duced in large part by cells in the liver via a specialized metabolic program called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is often incorrectly described as “glycolysis in reverse". Compare and contrast the enzymes and reactions that drive gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Several mammalian tissues rely on a steady supply of glucose in the bloodstream pro-

4. (a) duced in large part by cells in the liver via a specialized metabolic program called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is often incorrectly described as “glycolysis in reverse". Compare and contrast the enzymes and reactions that drive gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Several mammalian tissues rely on a steady supply of glucose in the bloodstream pro-

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter22: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, And The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P

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d) What enzymes of glycolysis are bypassed in gluconeogenesis? e) What enzymes are unique to gluconeogenesis? f) What enzymes are the sites of regulation in gluconeogenesis? g) Describe how glycolysis & gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated.
Adults who participate in vigourous physical exercise need around 160 g of carbohydrate per day but just approximately 20 mg of niacin for good nutrition. How do you interpret the finding in light of niacin's involvement in glycolysis?
Experienced runners know that it is poor practice to ingest large amounts of glucose immediately before running a marathon. What is the metabolic basis for this apparent paradox?
Define Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis. How GLYCOLYSIS and GLUCONEOGENESIS does reciprocally regulated in the body? Explain it.
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If your liver cells contained a mutation in ACC2 that rendered it constitutively inactive, what two downstream effects might you see as a result? Choose the TWO correct answers. (A) overproduction of malonyl CoA in the mitochondria (B) increase in ketone body synthesis(C) decreased rates of fatty acid oxidation(D) fewer VLDL particles produced by the liver (E) accumulation of fatty acyl-CoA in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis results in the production of two ________ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is ________. acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactate ATP, carbon, pyruvate pyruvate, oxygen, lactate pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoA
The typical human adult uses about 160 g of glucose per day, 120 g of which is used by the brain. The available reserve of glucose (~20 g of circulating glucose and ~190 g of glycogen) is adequate to sustain the individual for about one day. After the reserve has been depleted during starvation, how would the body obtain more glucose?
c) Cooperation between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is important to ensure the glucose-subjected energy demands of specific cells are met. Explain this statement.
1.What are the net products after one molecule of Glucose goes through the process of Glycolysis ? Answer should include the product name and Net products ' means that if a molecule was consumed during the process that should be subtracted from the final number . 2. Distinguish between fat- and water-soluble vitamins, and list the vitamins in ea group. 3. A molecule of Glucose has just gone through Glycolysis and been converted into Pyruvic Acid. Explain what will happen to Pyruvic Acid if oxygen is not present in sufficient quantities to continue with the path through the electron transport system .
Which of the following statements about the "central role" of TCA is/are correct? a. Some metabolic intermediates of TCA are used as non-carbohydrate sources for gluconeogenesis. b. β-oxidation of lipids produces acetyl-CoA that can enter TCA. c. All metabolic intermediates in TCA are used in the biosynthesis of amino acids. d. Degraded amino acids are converted to metabolic intermediates of TCA, then to ketone bodies.