3.The overall result ofCH OH+ 2 NAD+O + 2 NADHglycolysis can be summarizedby the equation on the right in HO-which the glucose origins of thecarbon atoms in pyruvate arecolor coded. Decide which gly-colytic reactions are responsiblefor the indicated distribution andHO-+ 2 Pi2+ 2 ATPНоOH + 2 ADPCH3+ 2 H2OGlucosePyruvateconversion of glucose atoms into pyruvate atoms Start by numbering of carbons in Glucose-6-Pi andFructose-1,6-BisPi.

Glycolysis is oxidative metabolism of glucose molecule by formation of pyruvate which enters into…

Answered: 3. The overall result of glycolysis can…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15P

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Understanding the Mechanisms of Reactions Related to Transketolase The mechanistic chemistry of the acetolactate synthase and phosphoketolase reactions (shown here) is similar to that of the transketolase reaction (Figure 22.30). Write suitable mechanisms for these reactions.
In the first step of the citric acid cycle, an acetyl group from acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form (a) pyruvate (b) citrate (c) NADH (d) ATP (e) CO2
Based on your residing of this chapter, what would you expect to be the most immediate effect oil glycolysis, if the steady-state concentration of gJucose-6-P were 8.3 mM instead of 0.083 mM?
1. Identify the oxidized coenzyme (letter abbreviation only) that participates in this reaction of the Kreb’s cycle. Succinate --> Fumarate 2. How many mol of NADH can be obtained upon the beta oxidation of stearic acid? 3. How many mol of ATP can be obtained upon the complete oxidation of 1 mol stearic acid? 4. How many steps in glycolysis in which ATO is converted to ADP?
Given what you know about the involvement of nicotinamide nucleotides inoxidative and reductive metabolic reactions, predict whether the followingintracellular concentration ratios should be 1, > 1, or < 1. Explain youranswers.(a) [NAD+] >[NADH](b) [NADP+] >[NADPH](c) Since NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially equivalent in their tendency to attract electrons, discuss how the two concentration ratios might bemaintained inside cells at greatly differing values.
What is the P:O ratio for electrons entering the electron-transport chain that originate from reoxidation of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase? A. greater than the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation B. approximately the same as the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation C. less than the P:O ratio for NADH reoxidation but more than the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation D. approximately the same as the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation E. less than the P:O ratio for Complex II reoxidation
A group of researchers are interested in producing hydrogen gas from microbial cells. They want to know the maximum theoretical yield of H2 per molecule of glucose. Assuming that a glucose molecule fed to a cell is directly converted to glucose-6-phosphate(G6P) and undergoes the pentose phosphate pathway. Calculate how many molecules of NADPH can be obtained from this pathway along Co2 and H+.
2a) Which of the following statements about pyruvate oxidation IS TRUE? a. NADH is oxidized in the process b. Four carbon dioxide molecules are released in the process c. The process takes place in the cytoplasm d. There is substrate level phosphorylation during the process e. Two pyruvate molecules are oxidized to two acetyl Co-A molecules. 2b) When there is sufficient oxygen, _____ ATP molecules can be made (theoretically) by cellular respiration. However, when oxygen is lacking, only _____ ATP molecules are made a. 32,2 b. 36,2 c. 30,4 d. 36,6 e. 46,2 2c) In the electron transport chain of cellular respiration: a. oxygen has the weakest pull on electrons b. NADH and FADH2 transfer phosphates in the inner mitochondrial membrane c. the energy that is released moves electrons from the matrix to the intermembrane space d. electrons move from protein to protein due to increasing electronegativity e. water oxidizes the last component of the chain. 2d) Which of the…
22.The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is catalyzed by enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. In this reaction ____. Select one: a.NADP+ is reduced to NADPH b.NAD+ is reduced to NADH c.NADH is oxidized to NAD+ d.NADPH is oxidized to NADP+
GAP + Pi + NAD+ ⟹1,3-BPG + NADH (Reaction 1) 1,3-BPG + ADP ⟹ 3-PG + ATP (Reaction 2) Which of the following statements concerning the information above is true? Select all that apply. A.Reaction 2 is an example of substrate level phosphorylation B.These reactions are written in a direction that would indicate gluconeogenesis is occurring in the liver C.The linking of Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 by the intermediate 1,3-BPG is an example of coupling of reactions D.Reaction 1 shows a redox reaction where the carbon skeleton is oxidized to generate electrons for a soluble electron carrier E.These reactions are irreversible under cellular conditions
O2 is a competitive inhibitor of the hydrogenase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion between protons & electrons and H2. The inhibition by O2 is irreversible, permanently destroying the enzymatic activity.(a) Describe the relevant reactions that take place when a hydrogenase catalyzes H2 production in the presence of O2.(b) Derive the rate equation for v as a function of [E], [H+] and [O2], assuming that the electron concentration/delivery is not rate-limiting.
All the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (?′°E′° for NAD+/NADH is −0.32 V−0.32 V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase, which uses covalently‑bound FAD (?′°E′° for FAD/FADH2 in this enzyme is 0.050 V).0.050 V). The ?′°E′° value for fumarate/succinate is 0.031 V.0.031 V. a)Calculate the Δ?′°Δ⁢G′° value for the oxidation of succinate using NAD+. b)Calculate the Δ?′°Δ⁢G′° value for the oxidation of succinate using covalently‑bound FAD.

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3. The overall result of glycolysis can be summarized by the equation on the right in which the glucose origins of the carbon atoms in pyruvate are color coded. Decide which gly- colytic reactions are responsible for the indicated distribution and