4. Apolipoprotein B is a protein that binds lipids and carries them around the body. One of the two main isoforms of this protein is Apolipoprotein B-100, which is a large polypeptide, consisting of 4,563 amino acids. A. Apo B-100 is synthesized in the liver. How long will it take a liver cell to translate an mRNA coding for Apo B-100? B. The error rate of translation is 1 in 10,000. What fraction of Apo B-100 proteins are synthesized without any errors? C. The "average" protein is about 250 amino acids long. What fraction of such proteins are synthesized without any errors?

4. Apolipoprotein B is a protein that binds lipids and carries them around the body. One of the two main isoforms of this protein is Apolipoprotein B-100, which is a large polypeptide, consisting of 4,563 amino acids. A. Apo B-100 is synthesized in the liver. How long will it take a liver cell to translate an mRNA coding for Apo B-100? B. The error rate of translation is 1 in 10,000. What fraction of Apo B-100 proteins are synthesized without any errors? C. The "average" protein is about 250 amino acids long. What fraction of such proteins are synthesized without any errors?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter15: From Dna To Protein

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TYK: Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of...

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1. What would be the amino acid sequence encoded by the mRNA5' C C A U G A C G U C G G A U C A A U G A G C 3' 2. If the nucleotide bolded and underlined in red in part 1 changes from C to a G, what type of mutation would that be? 3. What would happen to the amino acid sequence if the C bolded in red in part 1 is changed to a G? 4. What would happen to the amino acid sequence if the C bolded in red is deleted?
1. Which of the following statements about mRNA is correct?a. Eukaryotic mRNA is generally polycistronic while prokaryotic mRNA is monocistronic.b. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA is polycistronic.c. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA is monocistronic.d. Eukaryotic mRNA is generally monocistronic while prokaryotic mRNA is polycistronic. 2. Which of the following statements about leading and lagging strand synthesis is correct?a. The lagging strand can only be synthesized once the leading strand has been completedb. Lagging strand is synthesized is continuously while leading strand is synthesized fragment by fragment.c. Leading strand is synthesized is continuously while lagging strand is synthesized fragment by fragment.d. Okazaki fragments are used to synthesize the leading and lagging strands of DNA. 3. An intron of a gene had a G to T mutation on the 3’ splice site. What will happento this intron?a. The intron will not be spliced out but will not be recognized in the ribosome…
Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation. b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids. c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it. d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site. e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.
1. Given is the 30 nucleotides in the human gene for hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells): 3’ TAC-CAC-GTG-GAC-TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC-TTC-AGA 5’ a. What is the amino acid sequence based on this mRNA? b. A very important mutation in human hemoglobin occurs in this DNA sequence, where the T at nucleotide 20 is replace with an A. The mutant hemoglobin is called sickle cell hemoglobin and is associated with severe anemia. What is the amino acid replacement that results in sickle-cell hemoglobin?
1. If the gene above is transcribed into a functional mRNA, a.) how many codons will be carried by the functional mRNA? b.) what is the sequence of the 25th codon? c.) what is the sequence of the stop codon? 2. If the mRNA transcribed for this gene will be translated into a functional protein, a.) how many amino acids will be used to build the polypeptide chain? b.) what is the amino acid coded by the 25th codon? c.) what is the amino acid coded by the last codon? 3. If the above gene is one of the three structural genes of the lac operon that codes for the protein/ enzyme responsible for breaking lactose into two molecules of simple sugars, a.) what triggers the activation of this gene? b.) what triggers the inactivation of this gene? c.) what substance is attached to the operator region of the operon in the absence of activator? d.) what gene is responsible for the synthesis of the substance used to attach in the operator region in the absence of activator? e.) what…
1. If the gene above is transcribed into a functional mRNA,a.) how many codons will be carried by the functional mRNA?b.) what is the sequence of the 25th codon?c.) what is the sequence of the stop codon?2. If the mRNA transcribed for this gene will be translated into a functional protein,a.) how many amino acids will be used to build the polypeptide chain?b.) what is the amino acid coded by the 25th codon?c.) what is the amino acid coded by the last codon?
1. The poly A tail of an mRNA molecule was removed by a deadenylase enzyme before it is recognized by the ribosomes. What will happen to this mRNA? a. It will not be translated anymore and will be degraded. b. It will get stuck in the small ribosomes since it will be difficult to set the proper start site. c. The reading frame of translation will change. d.The mRNA will be bound by the ribosomes for translation. 2. Which of the following is true regarding these DNA repair mechanisms? a. Non-homologous end joining is less likely to produce mutations than homologous recombination. b. Errors during DNA synthesis that are not caught by the replication machinery can be corrected by mismatch repair. c. DNA damage from chemical reactions cannot be undone. d. Proofreading from DNA polymerase I reduces the error rate in DNA to about 1 in 100 nucleotides. 3. Which of the following enzymes involved in DNA replication correctly pairs with its function? a. Helicase seals gaps between DNA…
Given is the 30 nucleotides in the human gene for hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells): 5’ TAC-CAC-GTG-GAC-TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC-TTC-AGA 3’ a. What is the complementary strand? b.Deduce the mRNA in this coding region. c.What is the amino acid sequence based on this mRNA? d. A very important mutation in human hemoglobin occurs in this DNA sequence, where the T at nucleotide 20 is replace with an A. The mutant hemoglobin is called sickle cell hemoglobin and is associated with severe anemia. What is the amino acid replacement that results in sickle-cell hemoglobin?
Given is the 30 nucleotides in the human gene for hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells): 5’ TAC-CAC-GTG-GAC-TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC-TTC-AGA 3’a. What is the complementary strand?b. Deduce the mRNA in this coding region.c. What is the amino acid sequence based on this mRNA?d. A very important mutation in human hemoglobin occurs in this DNA sequence, where the T at nucleotide 20 is replace with an A. The mutant hemoglobin is called sickle cell hemoglobin and is associated with severe anemia. What is the amino acid replacement that results in sickle-cell hemoglobin?
4. If a DNA triplet is CGA A. What is the mRNA codon? B. What is the tRNA anticondon? C. What amino acid does the mRNA code for? 5. If 18% of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are Guanine (G) A. What % of the bases are cytosine (A)? B. What % of the bases are adenine (A) and thymine (T) combined? C. What % of the bases are thymine alone?
4) The fact that splicing is a strategy to optimize the use of the genome in eukaryotes is evidenced in C. elegans, which with 20,000 genes can synthesize more than 20,000 proteins. True or false 7) The mutation in the myostatin protein that results in mice with hypertrophied muscles results from a premature stop codon that results in a truncated (shorter than necessary) protein that loses its function of stopping cell division of muscle cells. What post-transcriptional quality control mechanisms fail here? (two apply) a) polyadenylation b) NMD c) splicing d) capping e) methylation 10) The nuclear transplant experiment results in: a) KO or knockout b) transgenic organisms c) RNAi (interference) d) animal cloning
1. Transcription: a)State the role of RNA polymerase in gene transcription.b. Explain why the DNA is not used directly for protein translation (i.e., why is mRNA used instead?).c. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter region is open for RNA polymerase binding.d. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter regions is blocked from binding RNA polymerase.e. Explain how two cells, such as liver cells and skin cells, can become specialized in structure and function despite containing the same genome.