45-year-old woman develops severe diarrhea while on vacation. She develops dehydration and renal failure as a complication. She has the following arterial blood values: pH = 7.25 (Low) Pco2 = 24 mm Hg (low) [HCO3-] = 10 mEq/L (low) Venous blood samples show decreased blood [K+] and a normal anion gap. a. Which acid base disorder is displaced above? Explain your answer. b. What hormonal mechanisms will take place to conserve fluid in this patient c. What factors are considered in measurement of GFR? d. Give 4 functions of the kidney

45-year-old woman develops severe diarrhea while on vacation. She develops dehydration and renal failure as a complication. She has the following arterial blood values: pH = 7.25 (Low) Pco2 = 24 mm Hg (low) [HCO3-] = 10 mEq/L (low) Venous blood samples show decreased blood [K+] and a normal anion gap. a. Which acid base disorder is displaced above? Explain your answer. b. What hormonal mechanisms will take place to conserve fluid in this patient c. What factors are considered in measurement of GFR? d. Give 4 functions of the kidney

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter15: Fluid And Acid-base Balance

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SQE

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Mrs. Breathless is a 45-year-old female nurse with a history of asthma. She reports to the ED in the early morning with shortness of breath, blurred vision, headache, and restlessness. After several laboratory tests, the following ABG (arterial blood gases) lab results are confirmed: Blood pH=7.30 PaCO2 = 46 mm Hg HCO3 = 24 mEq/L. Based on the results of her ABG, which acid-base imbalance is Mrs. Breathless likely experiencing? Justify your answer by referencing the ROME mnemonic. What is the underlying pathophysiology of this disorder? What type of compensation is likely to take place? Why do you think Mrs. Breathless developed this imbalance? What are some of the contributing factors leading to this?
A patient with a urine pH of 4.5, a blood pH of 7.3 and a PCO2 of 32 mmHg. Identify the acid base imbalance with its compensation. A. respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis B. metabolic alkalosis with respiratory acidosis C. respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis D. metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis
Diabetes can cause a decrease in the specific gravity of urine. If normal urine has a specific gravity between 1.002 and 1.030, and a sample has a density of 1.008 oz/liq. oz., how does the sample compare to normal urine?
During the treatment for COVID-19, one complication includes an increase of CO2 in the lungs. This buildup of CO2 can result in a serious condition called respiratory acidosis if the level of H+ significantly changes. If the pH drops by 1 unit, what has happened to the H+ concentration?
Blood pH is maintained at a range of 7.4. The following set of equations representsthe reactions of the blood buffering system. The pk, for the dissociation ofH,COg into HOg and H* is 6.3.Carbonic AnhydraseCO2 + H2OH2CO3> HCO3- + H+(a) (Calculate the ratio [HCO3 ]/[H,COg] at physiological pH. Show work.(b)) An individual with diabetes presented at an urgent care with fatigue andnausea. Lab tests showed that their blood [HOg ]/[H,COg] ratio was 3.4. Whatwas the pH of the patient's blood? Show work.(c) ) Clinic staff also noticed that the patient was breathing rapidly. What isthe reason for this rapid breathing and how might it help alleviate the patient'scondition?
Henry is in the intensive care unit because he suffered a severe myocardial infarction three days ago. The lab reports the followingvalues from an arterial blood sample: pH 7.30, HCO320 mEq/ liter, PCO2 32 mmHg. Diagnose Henry’s acid–base status and decide whether compensation is occurring.
A newborn exhibits signs of respiratory distress due to the lack of surfactant. She has signs of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide. What will happen with pH balance and what type of acid-base disorder might she develop and how would her body compensate? Be detailed in your explanation. Thank you
What effect is observed on the pH of the blood in each of the following cases? a. [HCO 3−] decreases.c. [CO 2] increases. b. [HCO 3−] increases.d. [CO 2] decreases.
70. A 68-year-oldman with chronic respiratoryacidosis has an arterial pHof 7.34 and an arterial PCO2 of 55 mm Hg. Which of the following best explains the compensatory response to the acidosis? A) Decreased HCI secretion by the stomach B) Decreased tubular secretion of HCO," by the kidneys C) Increased CO2 excretion by the lungs O D) Increased HCO3" reabsorption by the kidneys E) IncreasedHCO,"transport by the choroid plexus
Which of the following is a thiazide diuretic? A) Lidocaine B) HCTZ C) Warfarin D) Gabapentin Which of the following is a contraindication to Lidocaine? A) Lidocaine allergy B) Hypernatremia C) Nausea D) Tremors 1- Your patient has a chronic history of congestive heart failure and does not currently have pulmonary edema. Why is administration of a beta blocker beneficial to this patient? A) Beta blockers may help reduce the risk of blood clotting B) Beta blocker administration is not beneficial to this group C) Because beta blocker manufacturers pay you a lot of money to administer them D) Beta blockers minimize the risk of hypertrophic heart disease 2. If the patient in #1 had pulmonary edema, why could beta blocker administration be detrimental? A) The blood pressure could be lowered B) More fluid would back up into the lungs C) It would increase risk of blood clotting D) Beta blocker administration is indicated in this patient Which of the following is a sodium channel…
A 2-year-old child presents with metabolic acidosis after ingesting an unknown number of flavored aspirin tablets. At presentation, her blood pH was 7.0. Given that the pKa of aspirin (salicylic acid) is 3, calculate the ratio of its ionized to un-ionized forms at pH 7.0.
A 26-year-old woman reports that she has a severe migraine and has taken six times more than the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days to relieve her headaches. Her plasma pH is 7.24. Which of the following would you expect to find compared with normal? Group of answer choices Increased NH4+ excretion Decreased NH4+ excretion No change in NH4+ excretion none of the above