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- 7. What physiological effect do drugs that inhibit ACE have? A. They stimulate formation of angiotensin II leading to release of ADH and aldosterone and widespread vasoconstriction B. They decrease blood pressure by inhibiting formation of angiotensin II C. They increase blood pressure by stimulating formation of angiotensin II D. They cause release of aldosterone E. They stimulate the release of ADH F. They cause widespread vasoconstriction This is not and will not be graded1.What is the role of the renal system in regulating potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid [ECF]? a. Kidneys filter and excrete excess potassium ions into the urine. b. Kidneys respond to aldosterone by not excreting any potassium ions into the urine. c. Kidneys reabsorb all potassium ions into the urine. d. Kidneys excrete water molecules through aquaporins in the collecting duct. 2.Identify the cardiac dysrhythmia most associated with hypomagnesemia.During a state of low blood volume and decreased extracellular sodium level (as in cardiac failure), which one of the following occurs? 1) B. Aldosterone is produced by the kidneys, leading to the release of renin, which increases kidney reabsorption of sodium. 2) D. Antidiuretic hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which increases reabsorption of sodium and water retention. 3) A. Renin is produced by the kidneys and is converted to angiotensin, which induces the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which in turn increases reabsorption of sodium and retention of water. 4) C. Renin is produced by the adrenal glands, leading to vasoconstriction and production of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, which increases fluid volume by causing water retention. no references, just homework
- 1. A severely dehydrated patient is admitted to the Emergency Department. Which of the following would NOT be elevated in this patient? A. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) B. Plasma renin C. Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D. Sympathetic nervous 2. When ADH levels increase: A. the amount of water reabsorbed increases. B. the amount of water reabsorbed decreases. C. the DCT becomes impermeable to water. D. sodium ions are exchanged for potassium ions.A patient has an ADH-secreting pulmonary carcinoma (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion). As a result of unregulated ADH secretion, you would expect to find: a. retention of water resulting in volume expansion b. low urinary osmolality c. increased renal sodium reabsorption d. high serum sodium concentration e. b and c A 25-year old woman develops a nonfunctional hypothalamic tumor that results in a complete inability to produce oxytocin. The most likely pathological response to this deficiency is: a. inability to ovulate b. amenorrhea c. hypertension d. inability to lactate normally e. inability to deliver a child vaginallyDefine the following terms: a. glutathione b. atrial natriuretic factor c. vasopressin d. oxytocin e. homeostasis
- Licorice is used as a remedy in Chinese traditional medicine and also is a flavoring for candy. When licorice is eaten, one of its components triggers the formation of a compound that mimics aldosterone and binds to receptors for it. Based on this information, explain why people who have high blood pressure are advised to avoid eating much licorice.24. Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is quite different from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) although both produce large volumes of dilute urine output. DI can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT. a. voluntary drinking of excess (unneeded) water b. end stage kidney failure/disease c. a tumour of the hypothalamus d. a head injury causing elevated intra-cranial pressure e. no exception, all answers (a-d) are possible causes of DI2. A patient suffering from a tumor in the hypothalamus produces excessive amounts of ADH, a condition called syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) production. For this patient, the excessive ADH production is chronic and has persisted for many months. A student nurse keeps a fluid intake-output record on the patient. She is surprised to find that fluid intake and urinary output are normal. What effect was she expecting? Can you explain why urinary output is normal? 3. As part of a physiology experiment, Hardy Breath, an anatomy and physiology student, is asked to breathe through a 3-foot long glass tube. What effect does this action have on his blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?
- If a person develops high blood pressure, one of the compensatory mechanisms that comes into play is the fluid shift mechanism. This mechanism causes Select one: a. water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. b. water to shift from inside cells into the extracellular fluid. c. water to stay inside the capillaries. d. increased filtration in the kidney, thereby increasing urine output. e. water to shift from the interstitial space into the capillaries.1.8 Which of the following is likely to cause the kidney to change the reabsorption of water and/or NaCl? Select one: a. Drinking 1 L of water in a short period of time. (Assume that you weren't dehydrated.) b. Eating a big bag of salty potato chips. c. Forgetting to drink water all day. d. Exercising vigorously in a very hot environment. e. All of the abovea 54 year old man develops vomiting and diarrhea over a 24 hour period. his serum sodium concentration is 140 mEq/L. Intravenous infusion of isotonic saline is initiated . which of the following changes and intracellular and extracellular fluid volume is most likely to result from this infusion a ICF volume : decreased , ECF decreased b. ICF volume :increased , ECF decreased c. ICF volume : increased , ECF. increased d. ICF volume : increased , ECF. no change e. ICF volume : no change , ECF increased
