5. Donna and Nick both work at the same restaurant. Their wage used to be $12 an hour, but it was recently raised to $15. In response to the wage increase, Donna started working fewer hours and Nick started working more hours. Is both workers' behavior consistent with our utility maximization theory? Explain your answer using diagrams of each workers' decisions before and after the wage change.
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- Labor-Leisure choice. Uses 80 hour maximum work week. Utility = R3C2 R = leisure C = dollar amount of income for consumption Budget Line 1: Wage = $16 per hour. No other income. Draw the Labor-Leisure diagram, including the budget line. Solve the point of optimization, and label it point A. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U1 Budget Line 2: Wage = $22 per hour. No other income. Draw the budget line for this new $22 wage. Solve the point of optimization, and label it point B. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U3 Use an auxiliary budget line to separate the income effect from the substitution effect. Identify the substitution effect as point S. Draw the indifference curve. Label it U2 The point of optimization for part C can be labeled, rather than numerically solved, as long as the drawn answers show expected results for two normal goods.List and explain the four (4) properties of the indifference curves Describe the Giffen good and give an example. How do indifference curves represent the consumer's preferences? How do wages affect labor supply?11) An increase in the wage rate means that the opportunity cost of leisure has fallen. 12) There is a negative relationship between the price of labor and the quantity of labor supplied, ceteris paribus. 13) We can easily predict whether an increase in the wage will cause a worker to demand more leisure time or less leisure . 14) As the dollar prizes for professional golf tournaments have increased, professional golfers have entered fewer tournaments per year. Is this type of behavior consistent with utility maximization? Explain. 15) Explain the income effect and the substitution effect due to an increase in the wage rate. 16) Tyler's wage rises and he chooses to increase the number of hours he supplies to the labor market. What does this imply about the relative sizes of the substitution effect and the income effect? Explain. 17) Comment on the following statement: "An increase in the wage always leads to an increase in the quantity of labor supplied." 18)…
- Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics a. Describe the theorem, making sure that you define clearly the terms used in the description (e.g. if you use the term “efficient” you have to describe what this means). b. Explain why the theorem implies that there is no intrinsic trade-off between efficiency and interpersonal equity. c. Demonstrate your argument using an Edgeworth box, making sure that you describe all the elements of the box appropriately.Please read the article: Utility of Marriage 1. What is the law of diminishing marginal utility? 2. Howcan you connect the three factors in the article with this theory? 3. Does this theory hold true? Whyor why not?Question3 a) Suppose a household is faced with the choice between consuming gasoline (G) and all other goods (OG). Today the household consumes 800 liter of gasoline a year.Suppose then that a gasoline price increase is perfectly compensated by a wage increase. If the family followed the utility maximization model, how would this affect their consumption of gasoline? Explain by using a figure. b) Explain by using an example why an MRS (Marginal Rate of Substitution) between two goods must equal the ratio of the price of the goods for the consumer to achieve maximum satisfaction?
- 1. Refer to graph (multiple choice) graph represents Cara's budget constraint and preferences A. Refer to Graph, Which of the statements below is the most accurate? a. At point A, Cara's marginal valuation of leisure is higher than the market wage b. At point B, Cara's marginal valuation of leisure is higher than the market wage. c. At point B, Cara values leisure the same amount as at point A. d. At point A, Cara's marginal valuation of leisure is higher than the market wage, and at point B, Cara values leisure the same amount as at point A. B. Refer to Graph, At point A, Cara’s marginal rate of substitution of leisure for income a. exceeds the wage and Cara would like to work fewer hours. b. is less than the wage and Cara would like to work more hours. c. exceeds the wage and Cara would like to work more hours. d. is less than the wage and Cara would like to work fewer hours. C. Refer to Graph, Based on the graph above, we can conclude that a. Cara does not have…1. Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economicsa. Describe the theorem, making sure that you define clearly the terms used in thedescription (e.g. if you use the term “efficient” you have to describe what this means).b. Explain why the theorem implies that there is no intrinsic trade-off between efficiencyand interpersonal equity. c. Demonstrate your argument using an Edgeworth box, making sure that you describe allthe elements of the box appropriately.Kevin has a wage income of $10,000 in the present and $15,000 in the future. His utility is given as U = min (4cp, 5cf), where cp denotes consumption today and cf consumption in the future. The relevant interest rate is 10%. a. If the interest rate were to increase to 15 percent,would Kevin be better off or worse off? Explain. b. Find two measures to indicate how much better off or worse off Kevin is as a result of the increase in interest rates. Explain.
- Elizabeth makes $200 a week at het summer job and spends her entire weekly income on new running shoes and jeans, since these are only two items that provide utility to her. Furthermore,Elizabeth insists that for every pair of jeans she buys, she must also buy a pair of shoes. (without the shoes, the new jeans are worthless). Therefore, she buys the same number of pairs of shoes and jeans in any given week. a) If jeans cost $20 and shoes cost $20 , how many will Elizabeth buy of each?b) Suppose that the price of jeans rises to $30a pair , how many shoes and jeans will she buy?c) To what effect (income or substitution) do you attribute the change in utility levels between part a and part bSelena has utility U=lnX + 2lnY Calculate the formula for her marginal rate of substitution between X and Y, showing your work.a. What is an Inferior good? Sketch an Engel curve for inferior goods and clearly label the two axes. b. Briefly explain why demand may increase as price increases? (Hint: think about substitution and income effects.) c. What is the relationship between Inferior and Giffen goods? Use a Slutsky equation to justify your statement. d. Some people may work less when their wage rates go up. Why is it the case? (Hint: think about substitution effect and endowment income effect).