5. The shelf life of pharmaceuticals is an important issue, because drugs may decompose as they age, transforming into inactive or harmful compounds. Shown below are the structures of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and acetaminophen. Refer to the structures to explain the following two observations: • Acetaminophen tablets can be stored for years with no apparent change in activity, while aspirin slowly decomposes over time. • Acetaminophen is routinely included in liquid preparations such as Nyquil, where it is dissolved in water, but aspirin is never sold as a solution. ar or CH3 CH2 соон но acetylsalicylic acid acetominophen
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- 5. Note: These directions will help you collect data that will answer questions about different concentrations of a single chemical. If you have a different question, you will need to modify your data table, the data collected, and graph. 1. Identify at least 4 different concentrations of the chemical for which you wish to collect data. Type the name of your chemical at the top of the first column and record the concentrations in your data table. 2. For each concentration you will collect heart rate data for three different daphnia. a. Select a daphnia trial you wish to observe. b. Select a video speed at which you wish to count the heart beats of the daphnia. c. Count the heart beats in your selected video. d. Remember all of the videos show 15 seconds. Multiply your 15 second count by 4 to then have beats per minute for the units of heart rate. Record your heart rate calculation (bpm) in the table. e. The table is set-up to automatically calculate the average heart rate for…3. The dose of gentamicin for patients with impaired renal function is adjusted to ensure therapeutically optimal dosage. If the normal daily dose of the drug for adults is 3 mg/kg/day, administered in three divided doses, what would be the single (8-hour) dose for a patient weighing 165 lb and scheduled to receive only 40% of the usual dose, based on renal impairment? answer: 30 mg gentamicin I want to know the solutions please.6. Your pharmacy has on hand Robitussin CF Syrup (guaifenesin 100 mg/1 tsp).You receive a prescription for Robitussin CF Syrup and the patient is to receive 250 mg of guaifenesin q4h. How many milliliters will the patient receive in 1 dose? If you dispense a 4oz bottle of syrup, how many doses will the patient receive?
- 1. If excipients do not have pharmacodynamic activity, how do excipients affect the performance of the drug product? 2. What is meant by the rate-limiting step in drug bioavailability from a solid oral drug product? 3. What is the usual rate-limiting step for a poorly soluble and highly permeable drug (BCS 2)? 4. How could the manufacturing process affect drug product performance? 5. Drug absorption involves at least three distinct steps: dissolution, permeation, and disposition during transit in GI (an additional step of drug disposition in the body is involved as well for bioavailability). How are these processes validated in vitro when the in vivo requirement for drug bioavailability is waived? 6. What is meant by “sink” conditions? 7. What physical or chemical properties of a drug substance are important in designing a drug for (a) oral administration or (b) parenteral administration? 8. For a lipid-soluble drug that has very poor aqueous solubility, what strategies could be…1) If you have 2.5g of hydrocortisone POWDER, how many grams of a 0.05% ointment can be compounded? 2) How many mL of a 0.45% saline solution can be made with 6750 mg of sodium chloride? 3) Your pharmacy receives an order to compound 120 g of a 1.25% cream. How many mg of drug are required to compound this order? 4) Is it possible to make 1200 mL of a 30% dextrose solution with only 75 g of dextrose? 5) You are asked to compound a 15% zinc oxide cream. How many grams of this cream can you make using 30,000mg of zinc oxide? 6) Using 45g of acetic acid, how many mL of a 20% acetic acid solution can be made? 7) Calculate the percent strength of a solution when 8 g of drug is dissolved in 400 mL of solution. 8) Calculate the percent strength of a solution when 2.5 g of drug is dissolved in 750 mL of solution. 9) Calculate the percent strength of a solution when 5000 mg of drug is dissolved in 500 mL of solution.You came across an article debating the use of Prevacid® vs. Nexium®. While both drugs have the same therapeutic effect, one is sold as a racemate and the other is sold as a single enantiomer. Previous medications such as Thalidomide and Advair® have sparked a debate about the safety of drugs sold as a racemate. 1. What are Prevacid® vs. Nexium® used to treat?
- 5. In the Chemical Changes experiment (E3) on copper, which of the steps can be omitted if our goal is only to obtain dry copper(II) oxide solid? a. Decanting and adding sulfuric acid to dissolve black precipitate b. Addition of NaOH to Cu(NO3)2 solution c. Filtering and heating until dry and fully black d. Boiling of previous solution until black1. Relate the problems of selenium deficiency and excess. What are some contributing factors in the environment that can cause these abnormalities? What solutions can correct these abnormal conditions? What other substances also have potential problems with excess and deficiency?..1) Determine the functional group(s) in the compound having the following IR spectrum. 2) Identify the diagnotic signal(s) , explain what led you to this conclusion.
- 1. Draw the structures of the 20 biologically active AA. Under each structure, write the name, one-letter code, and three-letter code followed by the AA classification based on polarity.2. a. What ingredient(s) necessary to white chocolate does this product have? b. Why is this product labeled as “white chocolate style” instead of being simply labeled as “White chocolate”?#5.# a drug is order 100mg/m2 po BID. How many milliliters will a patient receive if her BSA is 1.80m2 and concentration of solutions is 100mg/5ml?