7 Suppose the following model describes the relationship between annual salary (salary) and the number of previous years of labor market experience (exper): log(salary) = 10.6 + .027 exper. (i) What is salary when exper = 0? When exper = 5? (Hint: You will need to exponentiate.) (ii) Use equation (A.28) to approximate the percentage increase in salary when exper increases by five years. (iii) Use the results of part (i) to compute the exact percentage difference in salary when exper = 5 and exper = 0. Comment on how this compares with the approximation in part (ii).
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- Suppose a researcher is using a panel data set on n = 10,000 workers over T = 20 years (from 2000 through 2019) that contains the workers’ earnings, sex, education, and age. The researcher is interested in the effect of education on earnings. Give some examples of unobserved person-specific variables that are correlated with both education and earnings. Can you think of examples of time-specific variables that might be correlated with education and earnings? How would you control for these person-specific and time-specific effects in a panel data regression?Suppose that a coffee producing firm estimated the following regression of thedemand for its brand of coffee:Qc = 1.5 − 3.0Pc + 0.8Y + 2.0Pb − 0.6PS +1.2 Awhere Qc = sales of coffee brand C, in dollarsper pound Pc = price of coffee brand C,in dollars per poundY = personal disposable income, in millions of dollars per yearPb = price of the competitive brand of coffee, in dollarsper pound Ps = price of sugar, in dollars per poundA = advertising expenditures for coffee brand C, in hundreds of thousands ofdollars per year.Suppose also that this year, Pc = $2, Y = $2.5, Pb = $1.80,Ps = $1 and A =$1.a. Interpret the results of the estimated demand.b. Compute point price elasticity of demand for the firm’s brand of coffeewith respect to its price.c. Compute the cross-price elasticity of demand for coffee with respect to theprice of competitive coffee brand b.d. At the current price level, would it be viable for the firm to increase the pricelevel of its brand of coffee? Support your answer.…MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS 5. In conducting studies to estimate market / demand forecasting, generally two types of data are used, namely “Time Series” data and “Cross-section” data or a combination of the two types of data; explain the meaning of the two types of data and the advantages/disadvantages of each! 6. Explain what is meant by ISOQUANT? Next, explain the main characteristics of the isoquant curve and how to find the optimal point of production; Next, explain the meaning of the Production Economic Area which is depicted by a dividing line called the Ridge Line
- Identification. Answer the following questions below. QUESTIONS: 1.) What is the statistical technique for finding the best relationship between dependent variable and selected dependent variable or variables? 2.) What is the increase in output that results from an increase in all of a firm’s outputs by some proportions? 3.) What production function are the 3 stages of production applicable? 4.) What stage of production is the increase in output that results from increase in a firm's outputs by some proportion? 5.) In long run production, a change in output necessitates the what?Candy is a Year 4 full-time undergraduate student majoring in marketing at a private university inHong Kong and she is going to be graduated after the summer break. She has collected some datafrom the Student Careers and Affairs Office (SCAO) related to her job planning.According to the graduate employment surveys conducted for the last two years by the privateuniversity, the average salary earned by the graduates of her programme is constant at around$14,000. Actually, Candy is quite disappointed.In view of this, Candy is considering to participate in an one-year internship program launched by theSCAO after her graduation. In other words, she would enter the job market “formally” one year laterif she joins the internship program. Finally, with the help of the SCAO, she could get an internshipoffer from a famous marketing company in Hong Kong. The monthly salary provided by the companyis $12,000 while a good reference letter would be prepared for the interns completing the…The following equation has been used to estimate wages: ln (Y) = ln (Yo) + b2EDU + b3 EXPER + b4 EXPER2 + e where Y is income, Y0 is income of someone with no education or experience, EDU is years of education and EXPER is experience in the field. If you suspect males earn higher wages than females and that the wage difference increases with education how would you adjust the econometric model to estimate wages? OPTIONS - a. include a binary variable for gender, MALE b. include an interaction term equal to MALE* EDUC c. include an indicator variable for MALE and one for FEMALE d. include a binary variable for MALE and an interaction term equal to MALE * EDUC
- 1. A study published in 1993 used US state panel data to investigate the relationshipbetween minimum wage and the employment of teenagers. The sample period was1977 to 1989 for all 50 states. The author estimated a model of the following type:ln(Eit) = β0 + β1ln(Mit/Wit) + γ2D2i + ... + γnD50i + δ2B2t + ... + δTB13t + uitwhere E is the employment to population ratio of teenagers, M is the nominalminimum wage, and W is average hourly earnings in manufacturing. In addition,other explanatory variables, such as the adult unemployment rate, the teenagepopulation share, and the teenage enrollment rate in school, were included.(a) Name some of the factors that might be picked up by time and state fixedeffects(b) The author decided to use eight regional dummy variables instead of the 49state dummy variables. What is the implicit assumption made by the author?Could you test for its validity? How?(c) The results, using time and region fixed effects only, were as follows:ˆ ln(EIT ) =…(7)Which one of these is false when compared to the relationship between marginal and average product? (a) When average product is increasing in labor, marginal product is greater than average product. That is, if APL increases in L, then MPL > APL. (b) When average product is decreasing in labor, marginal product is less than average product. That is, if APL decreases in L, then MPL < APL. (c) The relationship between MPL and APL is not the same as the relationship between the marginal of anything and the average of anything. (d) When average product neither increases nor decreases in labor because we are at a point at which APL is at a maximum, then marginal product is equal to average product.(7)Which one of these is false when compared to the relationship between marginal and average product? (a) When average product is increasing in labor, marginal product is greater than average product. That is, if APL increases in L, then MPL > APL. (b) When average product is decreasing in labor, marginal product is less than average product. That is, if APL decreases in L, then MPL < APL. (c) The relationship between MPL and APL is not the same as the relationship between the marginal of anything and the average of anything.
- 1. In April 2020, at the trough of the Covid-19 recession – which lasted a whopping two months – the Bureau of Labor Statistics announced that of all adult Americans, 133,320,000 were employed, 23,038,000 were unemployed, and 103,538,000 were not in the labor force. Use this information to calculate: a. the adult population: b. the labor force: c. the labor-force participation rate (enter this as a three-decimal number, e.g., 0.123, not as a percentage): d. the unemployment rate (enter this as a three-decimal number, e.g., 0.123, not as a percentage):Assume that the average or mean monthly household consumption expenditure for Malaysia rose from RM3,578 in 2018 to RM4,033 in 2020, growing 6% per annum at nominal value, according to the statistics department. However, in terms of real value — which refers to the constant price using the Consumer Price Index with the base year 2014 as the deflator — annual growth rate is 3.9% for the same period, mentioned on its Household Expenditure Survey Report 2020. a) Suppose that consumer spending initially rises by RM5 billion for every 1 percent rise in household wealth and that investment spending initially rises by RM20 billion for every 1 percentage point fall in the real interest rate. Also, assume that the economy’s multiplier is 4. i. If household wealth falls by 5 percent because of declining house values, and the real interest rate falls by two percentage points, in what direction and by how much will the aggregate demand curve initially shift at each price level? ii. In what…Define the strict gradient series?