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- The following equations describe a small economy. Figures are in millions of dollars; interest rate (i) is in percent per annum. Assume that the price level (P) is fixed. Goods Market C = Co + cYD (Private consumption) YD = Y + TR – T (Disposable income) T = To + tY (Total taxes) I = Io – bi (Private investment) G = Go, TR = TRo (Gov. Expenditure and Transfers, respectively) Y = C + I + G (Goods mkt. equilibrium condition) Money Market L = kY- hi (Demand for real balances) Ms = Mo/P (Real money supply) L = Ms (Money mkt. equilibrium condition) Endogenous Variables: C, YD T, I, Y, L, Ms and i Exogenous Variables: Co = 300, To = 80, Io = 450, Go = 300, TRo = 100, Mo = 350, P =1 Parameters: c = 0.85, t = 0.15, b = 50, k = 0.25 and h = 62.5 Policy…Q.1 The government of Imaginia feels that the economy is in a slump, with rising unemployment - it aims to boost the economy to full employment level but realizes output has to increase by $1 billion to do so. A) The value of expenditure multiplier is 5, what amount does it have to spend to reach its goal? Would this amount guarantee such increase in output in all situations? B) Draw a money market and an AD/AS diagram to show how, through printing money the government can temporarily achieve the same objective. money, the government can temporarily achieve the same objective.Given the following information: Consumption: 100 + 0.8 Yd Investment: 150 – 16i Govt. expenditure: 100 Taxes: 0.25Y DD for money: 0.2Y – 2i Nominal money supply: 300 Price level: 2 a) Determine equilibrium level of income and rate of interest b) If govt expenditure increases by 50, what will be the new equilibrium of income and the rate of interest? c) Is there any crowding out? If yes, what is the extent of crowding out of income?
- The Thai economy is at its potential level. Illustrate and explain the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Thailand using the IS-LM-PC model. Besides the Bank of Thailand reduced its policy rate, the Thai government has recently announced a massive stimulus package of 1.9 MM baht. Use the IS-LM-PC model to show the effect of these policies on Thai economy. Draw the graph and explain. Suppose that the 1.9 MM baht stimulus package does not sufficient to support the Thai financial system and also leads to the government debt crisis. What would happen to the Thai economy? Draw the graph and explain using the IS-LM-PC modelConsider the following economy: Labor supply: Nt= 90 Capital stock: Kt = 90 Government spending: Gt = 20 Tax collections: Tt = 20 Production function: Yt = 2(Kt)0.5 (Nt)0.5 Real money demand Lt = 2Yt - 200rt Consumption function: Ct = 16 + 0.8(Yd)t Domestic price level: Pt = 4 Investment function: It = 25 - 50rt Nominal money supply: Mt = 1296 1.Is this a short-run level of output also a long-run equilibrium? Explain. 2.Suppose that the government decreases taxes to T=10. Find the new short-run equilibrium levels of output and interest rate 3.Find the long-run equilibrium levels of output, interest rates and prices. Graph this combination of policies both in the short and in the long run. 4.Explain how the adjustment from the short-run to the long-run occurs.Suppose that when everyone wakes up tomorrow, they discover that thegovernment has given them an additional amount of money equal to the amountthey already had. Explain what effect this doubling of the money supply willlikely have on the following:a. The total amount spent on goods and servicesb. The quantity of goods and services purchased if prices are stickyc. The prices of goods and services if prices can adjust?
- a. What are the fiscal policy tools the government can use to expand an economy that is in a recession? Explain the interaction between monetary and fiscal policy?b. Explain how monetary policy is expected to affect investment and aggregate expenditure and discuss its connection with interest rates and output?An economy is described by the following equations:Expenditure Sector: Money Sector:S = - 200 + (1/5)YD Ms = 400TA = (1/8)Y - 40 Md = (1/4)Y + 100 - 5iTR = 60I = 300 – 10iG = 70 NX = 150 - (1/5)YHere S is saving; TA is taxes; TR is transfers; I is investment; G is government spending; NX is net exports; Ms is money supply; and Md is money demand.a) Find the IS and LM equations for this economy. Draw those equations in an IS-LM framework.b) Find the equilibrium level of output and interest rates. Calculate also the equilibrium values of investment (I), net exports (NX), and money demand (md)3) a) Show by graph and explain the effects of an increase in Money supply in money market b) Show by graph and explain the effects of an increase in National Income in money market.
- What is the ideal balance between monetary and fiscal policy for a nation like Japan, where prices are rising yet unemployment is under control? a. Decrease taxes, increase government spending and increase money supply b. Decrease taxes, decrease government spending and decrease money supplyc. None of these choice is correctd. Increase taxes, decrease government spending and decrease money supplyWhich one of the following statements is FALSE? (2)(a) There are four broad groups of decision‐making units in the economy:households, firms, government and the foreign sector;(b) Savings are an important injection into the circular flow of income andspending in the economy;(c) Taxes are a leakage or withdrawal from the flow of income and spending in the economy;(d) Spending by households on consumer goods and services is calledconsumption spending.Consider two alternatives to prepare for retirement: saving in a bank where your funds earn interest and buying fine arts that rises in value over time. each grows your retirement account overtime. A. if the rate of return on fine arts purchases fall, how would you expect the allocation of retirement funds to change across the macroeconomy? B. if the national savings rate is based on the first option (savings in the bank), then what happens to the national savings rate when the allocation of retirement funds shifts as you describe in your response to part (a)? C. In addition to art people often purchase real estates, stocks, and or bonds as part of their savings, even though these assets are also not counted in the official data on personal savings. Discuss how these purchases affect the official data on a national's savings rate.