The version of Okun's law discussed in class implies that with no change in unemployment, real GDP growth is 3 percent. If the unemployment rate rose by 2 percentage points, Okun's law predicts that real GDP would: increase by 1 percent decrease by 4 percent
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- Assume an economy operates in the intermediaterange of its aggregate supply curve. State thedirection of shift for the aggregate demandor aggregate supply curve for each of thefollowing changes in conditions. What is theeffect on the price level? On real GDP? Onemployment?a. The price of crude oil rises significantly.b. Spending on national defense doubles.c. The costs of imported goods increase.d. An improvement in technology raises laborproductivity.If price level is held constant and we decrease consumption, the aggregate demand curve will shift to theSelect one:O a. NortheastO b. SouthwestO cc Neither A nor BWhat effects would each of the following have on aggregate demandor aggregate supply, other things equal? In each case explain the expectedeffects on the equilibrium price level and the level of real output, assumingthat the price level is flexible both upward and downward. · A reduction in interest rates at each price level.· A major increase in spending for health care by the Federalgovernment.· A 10 percent across-the-board reduction in personal income taxrates.· A sizable increase in labor productivity (with no change innominal wages).· An increase in exports that exceeds an increase in imports (notdue to tariffs).
- What effects would each of the following have on aggregate demandor aggregate supply, other things equal? In each case explain the expectedeffects on the equilibrium price level and the level of real output, assumingthat the price level is flexible both upward and downward.· A sizable increase in labor productivity (with no change innominal wages).· An increase in exports that exceeds an increase in imports (notdue to tariffs).In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fullyrecovered from the Great Depression, PresidentFranklin Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgivingwould fall a week earlier than usual so that theshopping period before Christmas would be longer.(The policy was dubbed “Franksgiving.”) Explainwhat President Roosevelt might have been trying toachieve, using the model of aggregate demand andaggregate supplyReal GDP Real GDPDemanded, Price Level Supplied,Billions (Price Index) Billions$100 300 $450200 250 400300 200 300400 150 200500 100 100 Use these sets of data to graph the aggregate demandand aggregate supply curves. What is the equilibriumprice level and the equilibrium level of real output inthis hypothetical economy? Is the equilibrium real output also necessarily the full-employment real output?Explain.b. Why will a price level of 150 not be an equilibriumprice level in this economy? Why not 250?c. Suppose that buyers desire to purchase $200 billion ofextra real output at each price level. Sketch in the newaggregate demand curve as AD1. What factors mightcause this change in aggregate demand? What is thenew equilibrium price level and level of real output?
- Assume that (a)the price level is flexible upward but not downward and (b) the economy iscurrently operating at its full-employment output. Other things equal, how willeach of the following affect the equilibrium price level and equilibrium levelof real output in the short run?· An increase in aggregate demand.· A decrease in aggregate supply, with no change in aggregatedemand.· Equal increases in aggregate demand and aggregate supply.· A decrease in aggregate demand.· An increase in aggregate demand that exceeds an increase inaggregate supply.Suppose firms become optimistic about futurebusiness conditions and invest heavily in new capitalequipment.a. Draw an aggregate-demand/aggregate-supplydiagram to show the short-run effect of thisoptimism on the economy. Label the new levels ofprices and real output. Explain in words why theaggregate quantity of output supplied changes.b. Now use the diagram from part (a) to show thenew long-run equilibrium of the economy. (Fornow, assume there is no change in the long-runaggregate-supply curve.) Explain in words whythe aggregate quantity of output demanded changesbetween the short run and the long run.c. How might the investment boom affect thelong-run aggregate-supply curve? Explain.Determine the effect on aggregate demand/ Short Run Agrregate supply of each of the followingevents. Explain whether it represents a movement along the aggregate demand/ Short run Aggregatesupply curve (up or down) or a shift of the curve (leftward or rightward).a) News of a worse-than-expected job market next yearb) A rise in the consumer price index (CPI) leads producers to increase output.c) A rise in legally mandated retirement benefits paid to workers leads producers to reduceoutput.d) As a result of an increase in the value of the dollar in relation to other currencies, Americanproducers now pay less in dollar terms for foreign steel, a major commodity used in production.e) An increase in the quantity of money by the Federal Reserve increases the quantity of moneythat people wish to lend, lowering interest rates.f) Greater union activity leads to higher nominal wages.g) A fall in the aggregate price level increases the purchasing power of households’ and firms’money holdings. As…
- What might shift the aggregate-supply curve tothe left? Use the model of aggregate demand andaggregate supply to trace the short-run and long-runeffects of such a shift on output and the price level.42. Suppose that there is a temporary fall in aggregate supply due to a drought. Whathappens in the long-run?(A) Higher prices cause permanent tensions, leading long-run aggregate supply to shiftleft, resulting in a lower natural rate of output.(B) Over time, as the drought conditions fade, aggregate supply rises and returns tothe original natural rate of output.(C) Aggregate demand shifts right, so that prices are higher but long-run output isunchanged.(D) If the person you’re dating enjoys Taylor Swift, dump them immediatelyFor each of the three theories for the upward slopeof the short-run aggregate-supply curve, e<~rcfullyexplain the following:tl. how the economy recovers from a recession andreturns to its long-run equilibrium without anypoUcy inrerventionb. what determines the speed of that recovery