Answered: 8. The reserve requirement, open market…

Brief Principles of Macroeconomics (MindTap Course List)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781337091985

Author:N. Gregory Mankiw

Publisher:N. Gregory Mankiw

Chapter11: The Monetary System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2PA

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8. The reserve requirement, open market operations, and the money supply

Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $500. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve requirement listed in the following table.

Reserve Requirement	Simple Money Multiplier	Money Supply
(Percent)	(Dollars)
25	options (1,2.5,4,10,25)	Options(500,1250,2000,5000,12500)
10	options(1, 2.5,4,10,25)	options(500,1250,2000,5000,12500)

A higher reserve requirement is associated with a _______(larger, smaller) money supply.

Suppose the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply by $100. Again, you can assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency. If the reserve requirement is 10%, the Fed will use open-market operations to ____-(buy,sell) _______

worth of U.S. government bonds.

Now, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin holding some excess reserves due to uncertain economic conditions. Specifically, banks increase the percentage of deposits held as reserves from 10% to 20%. This increase in the reserve ratio causes the money multiplier _____ (fall, rise) to ______(1,2,4,5,10) . Under these conditions, the Fed would need to___(buy, sell)_______ worth of U.S. government bonds in order to increase the money supply by $100.

Which of the following statements help to explain why, in the real world, the Fed cannot precisely control the money supply? Check all that apply.

1.The Fed cannot control whether and to what extent banks hold excess reserves.

2.The Fed cannot control the amount of money that households choose to hold as currency.

3.The Fed cannot prevent banks from lending out required reserves.

Definition Definition Capital reserves held by banks or financial institutions over and above the reserves that are required to be maintained by the regulator toward its liabilities and for internal controls. For commercial banks, excess reserve is the amount over the standard reserve as decided by the central bank. These excess reserve funds are available in the form of cash and cash equivalents.

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