9. The ABO blood group is transmitted in humans as follows: The A and B alleles are dominant to the O allele but codominant with each other. The O phenotype (00 genotype) is known as the "universal donor" in small- volume blood transfusions, whereas the AB phenotype (AB genotype) can be considered a "universal recipient". A certain human population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to blood type, with allele frequencies A = 0.5, B = 0.2, 0 = 0.3. In this population(fill in the blanks), universal donors occur at a frequency of at a frequency of whereas universal recipients occur

9. The ABO blood group is transmitted in humans as follows: The A and B alleles are dominant to the O allele but codominant with each other. The O phenotype (00 genotype) is known as the "universal donor" in small- volume blood transfusions, whereas the AB phenotype (AB genotype) can be considered a "universal recipient". A certain human population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to blood type, with allele frequencies A = 0.5, B = 0.2, 0 = 0.3. In this population(fill in the blanks), universal donors occur at a frequency of at a frequency of whereas universal recipients occur

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter21: Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK: If the genotype frequencies in a population are 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, and 0.20 aa, and if the...

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1.) Natural Selection: Of the three genotypes (AA, Aa, and aa), which of the three genotypes will be selected for under the current conditions? In other words, which of the three genotypes will increase in frequency? What if medical science were able to hold off the effects of AIDS for indefinite periods of time so that it became common for people with AIDS to live long enough and well enough to have children. What would this do to the frequency of the resistance allele and the incidence of AIDS? Support your answer. 2.) Even though anti-HIV drugs may prevent evolution towards resistance, can you justify not using anti-HIV drugs if they are available? Your response should consider scientific and ethical perspectives.
5.) A man and a woman living in a tropical area where malaria is prevalent and health care is not accessible have seven children during their lifetime. The genotypes of their children are: ss, Ss, SS, ss, Ss, Ss, and SS. What must the genotypes of both parents be? Your answer should include a Punnett square to illustrate your work, and list all the genotypes and phenotypes.
1: The A and B antigens in humans may be found in water-soluble form in secretions, including saliva, of some individuals (Se/Se and Se/se) but not in others (se/se). The population thus contains “secretors” and “nonsecretors.” (a) Determine the proportion of various phenotypes (blood type and ability to secrete) in matings between individuals that are blood type AB and type O, both of whom are Se/se. (b) How will the results of such matings change if both parents are heterozygous for the gene controlling the synthesis of the H substance (Hh)?
1.)The frequency of the R allele for round seeds in a certain population of 500 peas wasfound to be 0.45. How many of them were wrinkled? How many of them had the rr genotype? How many of them were round? 2.)In humans, a dominant allele controls the formation of a cleft chin, a Y-shaped fissurein the chin caused by an atypical bone formation in the mandible (this phenotypeis also known as a chin dimple). A survey of 1200 college students found that108 of them did not have a cleft chin. What was the frequency of heterozygotes inthat student population?
27. Which of the following statements best explains the prevalence and geographic distribution of sickle cell anemia allele (HbS). The homozygotes for normal hemoglobin protein are always at an advantage in all environments. Homozygous recessive individuals are selected for in malarial environments. Heterozygous individuals are at a selective advantage in malarial environments. Sickle cell anemia is found in high frequencies only among West Africans and their descendants. none of the above.
1. The phenotype and genotype of a population is due to a "mosaic" of random and directed processes whereby some have to do with history and others related to adaption and other factors. Why is this so?
1. For a given disease gene, specified mode of inheritance, and observed data set, if the p-value for a chi-square goodness of fit analysis is 0.98, and the significance level is 0.001, then we: A. accept the null hypothesis that the disease almost certainly follows the specified mode of inheritance at the given gene. B. reject the null hypothesis at the 0.0001 level. C. make no decision. 2. What percentage of the population must be vaccinated to prevent measles from spreading? A. 1 B. 0.99 C. 0.5 D. 0.80 E. 0.93
1. A sample of 600 individuals from a population is examined for the presence of the HindIII polymorphism in an autsomal Sca gene. There are two alleles of Sca gene, A and a. The results are 14 individuals are AA, 212 are Aa, 374 are aa. Please answer the following questions accordingly? How many alleles are present in the gene pool in the sample population fort he Sca gene? What are the genotype frequencies? What are the frequencies of A and a alleles? What are the expected numbers of the three genotypes, assuming random
If the genotype frequencies in a population are 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, and 0.20 aa, and if the requirements of the HardyWeinberg principle apply, the genotype frequencies in the offspring generation will be: a. 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, 0.20 aa. b. 0.36 AA, 0.60 Aa, 0.04 aa. c. 0.49 AA, 0.42 Aa, 0.09 aa. d. 0.70 AA, 0.00 Aa, 0.30 aa. e. 0.64 AA, 0.32 Aa, 0.04 aa.
The prevalence (frequency) of sickle-cell disease in Canada is quite low, affecting 1/3800 individuals. However, in some African populations 1/25 individuals are affected by sickle-cell disease. The difference in frequency of this allele within the differing populations has to do with the adaptation pressures that exist in the different environments. Individuals with the heterozygous genotype have a survival advantage in environments where the disease malaria is prevalent as the presence of this mutant allele leads to resistance to malaria. Therefore, the sickle-cell disease tends to be more frequent in environments where the malaria parasite is most common. Question: Explain why the sickle-cell disease remains frequent in some populations while it exists in very low frequency in other populations.
1. Using the information in Section 2 of SimUText's How Diseases Spread, what is described by the movement of people between compartments in the SIR Model? A. Change in location. B. Change in risk of infection. C. Change in mortality rate. D. Change in health status. E. Change in mutation rate. 2. For an SLR disease trait, in a parental cross where the male is unaffected and female is affected, the proportion of offspring that are affected and male is: A. 0 B. 0.25 C. 0.5 D. 0.333 E. 1
3. Researchers are investigating a newly discovered condition that greatly increases the likelihood of lung damage associated with the use of e-cigarettes. They found that 2% of their study population has the condition. The researchers believe they have found a useful marker locus for assessing the presence of the condition in individuals with unknown family history. They have found that, of those individuals with the condition, 99% have the marker allele M1. Of those without the condition, 99.8% have an alternative allele M2 at the marker locus. What is the probability that an individual has the condition if they have marker allele M1 and what do you conclude about the utility of the marker locus for indirect diagnosis?