A 0.01kg plant extract in 2dm' of water was shaken with 0.1dm' ether. Upon checking, 1.7x10 kg of plant extract passes into ether. Determine the plant extract left unextracted if the aqueous solution was shaken with 0.1dm' ether the second time. There are no changes on the molecular state of the plant extract.
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- Explain the meaning of the advantages of coulometry * No need to prepare, standardize, or store standard solutions. * Can prepare unstable reagents in situ (original place) since they react almost as soon as they are generated - e.g., C12, Br2 * Straightforward to generate tiny quantities of reagent with good accuracy since it is easy to control current and time electronically. * A single coulometric titration apparatus can be used for redox, acid/base, precipitation, complexometric, etc., titrations.Oral rehydration salts are stated to contain the following components: Sodium Chloride 3.5g Potassium Chloride 1.5g Sodium Citrate 2.9g Anhydrous Glucose 20.0g 8.342 g of oral rehydration salts are dissolved in 500 ml of water. 5 ml of the solution is diluted to 100 ml and then 5 ml is taken from the diluted sample and is diluted to 100 ml. The sodium content of the sample is then determined by flame photometry. The sodium salts used to prepare the mixture were: Trisodium citrate hydrate (C6H5Na3O7, 2H2O) MW 294.1 and sodium chloride (NaCl) NW 58.5. Atomic weight of Na = 23. The content of Na in the diluted sample was determined to be 0.3210 mg/100 ml. Determine the % of stated content of Na in the sample. The stated should be 104.5, how??Oral rehydration salts are stated to contain the following components: Sodium Chloride 3.5g Potassium Chloride 1.5g Sodium Citrate 2.9g Anhydrous Glucose 20.0g 8.342 g of oral rehydration salts are dissolved in 500 ml of water. 5 ml of the solution is diluted to 100 ml and then 5 ml is taken from the diluted sample and is diluted to 100 ml. The sodium content of the sample is then determined by flame photometry. The sodium salts used to prepare the mixture were: Trisodium citrate hydrate (C6H5Na3O7, 2H2O) MW 294.1 and sodium chloride (NaCl) NW 58.5. Atomic weight of Na = 23. The content of Na in the diluted sample was determined to be 0.3210 mg/100 ml. Determine the % of stated content of Na in the sample.
- To determine the soil distribution coefficient (Kd), 10 g of dry soil is spiked with 100 mg of ring-labeled 14C-atrazine, 10 mL of deionized water is added, and the system is shaken for 24 hours. The aqueous and solid phases are separated, and the solid phase is extracted with 50 mL of methylene chloride while the aqueous phase is extracted with three successive 5 mL portions of methylene chloride. The atrazine concentration in the 50 mL of soil extract is 10 mg/L, and the concentration in the combined 15 mL from the aqueous extractions is 0.4 mg/L. Based on this information, calculate Kd.Pesticide residues were found in a lot of oranges; the compound identified was the epoxide of heptachlor (EH). To quantify the amount of this pesticide in oranges, 20 grams were taken from fruit peels and mixed with methylene chloride to extract it. The concentration of heptachlor epoxide in the sample was determined by gas chromatography coupled to a detector mass (GC-MS); and calibration was performed using anthracene (A) as internal standard. For In this analysis, the anthracene had a concentration of 350 ppm and the same volume was added to each standard. The table below shows the concentrations of the standard and the ratio of the areas.and the sample is: 0.1080.Determine the concentration of heptachlor epoxide in the sample.in HPLC, what does it mean to equilibrate the system. Let us assume that the system is currently running 100%B. You have told them to run the first standard of caffeine using Reverse Phase chromatography with a C18 column, 30% A (Water/0.1%TFA) and 70% B (MeOH/0.1%TFA).What should I equilibrate the system to and for how long?
- A 25 g of butyric acid was extracted with 400 mL ether from 400 mL water (Kd=3.0 at 25 °C) Using single-step extraction, what is the amount of butyric acid in water layer? What is the total amount of butyric acid extracted using two successive extractions? Calculate the % efficiency of two-step extraction over single5.1g of toothpaste was weighed out and transferred to a 500 ml beaker. 250 ml of deionized water was added to the beaker by measuring cylinder, heated for 5 minutes on a hotplate, then sonicated for 10 minutes in an ultrasonic bath. The contents of the beaker was then transferred to a 1000 ml volumetric flask, made to the mark with deionized water and mixed thoroughly. 10 ml of this solution was removed from the volumetric flask (autopipette), 5 ml (measuring cylinder) of TISAB buffer was added. From the calibration curve of potential difference (mV) vs log[F-] equation, y = -56.21x - 151.71, the mean of [F-] is 1.81E-04 and the concentration in mgF-/L is 3.4. The expected Fluoride in toothpaste according to toothpaste manufacturer: 1000 ppm Fluoride. So how do i calculate the % of F in the toothpaste sample?Benzene and toluene, when analysed isothermally on a 25 m × 0.25 mm i.d. capillary GC column, were found to have retention times of 8.56 and 8.67 min, respectively. An unretained solvent passed through the column in 4.10 min in the same analysis. The peak widths at half height for benzene and toluene were 4.2 and 4.3 seconds, respectively. Calculate: a) The capacity factor for each of these compounds b) The selectivity factor for the separation c) The average number of plates for the column d) The resolution between benzene and toluene. Are they completely separated under these conditions? e) What is the plate height (H) for this column? What can you say about the efficiency of this column? Explain f) The dimensions of a column with the same phase ratio required to obtain a resolution of 1.5 under otherwise identical conditions
- As a newly appointed research officer, Marissa has been assigned a task to separate a mixture containing acetone, acetamide and 1,2-dichloroethane using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The instrument was equipped with a 40-cm column packed with cyano propyl bonded to the siloxane backbone material. i) List THREE (3) examples of mobile phase solvent/solvent systems that can be used with the column above. ii) Determine the sequence in which the three analytes eluted from the column and explain the underlying principle applied. iii) Sketch the chromatogram that would be produced if the column was replaced with a column filled with C18 hydrocarbon bound to the siloxane backbone material and acetonitrile was employed as the mobile phase. Label the peaks observed.1.063 g of p-acetamidophenol was measured out into a 50 mL round bottom flask along with 8 mL of 1M NaOH in ethanol and a stir bar. This mixture was heated at reflux for 15 min. It was allowed to cool and then 0.80 mL of bromoethane was added to the reaction. The mixture was then heated at reflux for another 15 min. After heating, the solution was poured onto a mixture of ice and water and further cooled on ice and then the solid was collected by vacuum filtration. This solid was then recrystallized from ethanol and water. The final mass of the purified phenacetin was 0.42250 g and it had a melting point of 127 - 130 C. The TLC plate shows (from left to right) pure p-acetamidophenol, the reaction mixture before pouring it on ice/water, phenacetin after recrystallization. The solvent used was a mixture of 80% ethyl acetate and 20% heptane with 0.5% acetic acid added. QUESTION: Using the given TLC plate can you describe the results and what does the TCL plate tell about the purity?Describe briefly how liquid-liquid extraction can be used to separate (not necessarily 100% separation) an analyte, A, from a potential inference, B in a liquid sample. What must be the most important difference between A and B for the separation to succeed?