A 15 cm outer diameter steam pipe is covered with 5 cm of high temperature insulation (K = 0.85 W/mk) and 4 cm of low temperature insulation (K = 0.72 W/mK). The steam is at 500°C and ambient air is at 40°C. Neglecting thermal resistances of steam and air sides and metal wall, calculate the heat loss from 1000 m length of the pipe.
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- 3.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.A transformer is to be cooled via forced air convection. To increase the effectiveness of thecooling, Alloy 1095 cast aluminum fins are attached to the top of the transformer overwhich air is blown (negligible thermal contact resistance between the transformer and thefins). The fins are 2 cm thick and 7 cm long and span the entire length of the transformer,and the transformer is 7 cm wide and 10 cm long. Air leaves the cooling fan at 25°C .a) Decide how to model the fins before performing any real analysis. Youare willing to accept some error in your analysis and so you will either model thefins as having adiabatic tips or being infinitely long. You expect the average convectioncoefficient over the heat transfer surfaces for this system to be around 50 W m2– K⁄ .Which tip condition should you use for the fins in your analysis? b) Modeling the transformer as being isothermal, determine the average convectioncoefficient over the heat transfer surfaces. Account for heat transfer from the…A long stainless-steel (AISI 316) steam pipe, with an inside diameter of 6.00 cm and an outside diameter of 8.00 cm, is covered with a layer of asbestos insulation (k = 0.150 W/m-K) 1.00 cm thick, which in turn is covered with foam insulation (k = 0.044 W/m-K) 6.00 cm thick. The inside surface temperature of the stainless-steel steam pipe is measured to be 250.0°C, while the outside surface of the foam is exposed to convection, T_inf = 25.0°C, h_inf = 15.0 W/m^2-K. • Draw and label a sketch of this system. Include dimensions, known temperatures, etc. • Draw and completely label the corresponding 1-D steady-state conduction resistor diagram. • Determine the heat transfer rate through the pipe per unit length. • Calculate the temperature at the asbestos/foam interface.
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- A cast iron pipe is used to transfer steam with an inlet temperature of 300 C. Inner radius of the pipe is 15 cm. The thickness of the pipe (k=25 W/(mK)) is 0.7 cm and there is an insulation (k=0.05 W/mK) over the pipe with a thickness of 5 cm. Environmental temperature is -8 C. Determine the steady heat loss from the pipe if the steam convection coefficient is 80 W/(m^2K) and environment convection coefficient is 25 W/(m^2K)? Is insulation thickness enough?A cast iron pipe is used to transfer steam with an inlet temperature of 350 C. Inner radius of the pipe is 5 cm. The thickness of the pipe (k=20 W/(mK)) is 0.5 cm and there is an insulation (k=0.07 W/mK) over the pipe with a thickness of 4 cm. Environmental temperature is -5 C. Determine the steady heat loss from the pipe if the steam convection coefficient is 70 W/(m^2K) and environment convection coefficient is 20 W/(m^2K)? Is insulation thickness enough? a)167 W, yes b)187 W, yes c)147 W, yes d)120 W, no e)noneA 50-cm diameter pipeline in the Arctic carries hot oil where the outer surface is maintained at 30 °C and is exposed to a surrounding temperature of -17 °C. The convection heat-transfer coefficient on the outside of the pipe is 9 W/m2 °C. Estimate the energy loss from the pipe per meter of length.
- A cast iron pipe is used to transfer steam with an inlet temperature of 300 C. Inner radius of the pipe is 15 cm. The thickness of the pipe (k=25 W/(mK)) is 0.7 cm and there is an insulation (k=0.05 W/mK) over the pipe with a thickness of 5 cm. Environmental temperature is -8 C. Determine the steady heat loss from the pipe if the steam convection coefficient is 80 W/(m^2K) and environment convection coefficient is 25 W/(m^2K)? Is insulation thickness enough? a)197 W, yesb)207 W, yesc)147 W, yesd)150 W, noe)noneAs seen in the attached figure, a 5-mm-diameter spherical ball (k = 15 W/m·K, Cp=480 J/kg·K) at 50°C is exposed to a medium at 15°C, with a combined convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2·K (to be used for option a and b) a) If the ball is covered by a 1-mm-thick plastic insulation (k = 0.13 W/m·K), determine whether the plastic insulation on the ball will help or hurt heat transfer from the ball. b) Assume that the ball is initially at uniform temperature of 50 °C. Determine how long it will take for the center of the ball to drop to 20 °C.Answer all questions strictly otherwise dont attempt it. conduction convection experimentIf the material of the fins can be changed to reduce the total thermal resistance, which material is advantageous to use?If you could change the speed or temperature of the air to reduce the total thermal resistance, how would you change it?List all the causes that can cause errors in your conclusions, and consider how changes in those causes affect the results.