A 25-year-old woman whose blood tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen gave birth to a full-term baby. Which immunization therapy would be most likely to minimize the transmission of hepatitis B to the neonate?

Q: Which is not one of the four characteristic symptoms of inflammation a-Redness b-Swelling c-Pain…

A: Introduction: Inflammation is the procedure by which ones brain's white blood cells and also the…

Q: Give an immunological explanation as to why people can getinfluenza every year even though they have…

A: Immunity is the balanced state of multicellular organisms having adequate biological defense to…

Q: The influenza virus produces a protein that degrades interferon. How does this increase its…

A: Some viruses like influenza virus escape the anti-viral activities of interferons by gene (and thus…

Q: What is the nature of the vaccines for hepatitis B, and who shouldreceive them?

A: Vaccines are the biological preparations that are responsible for providing active immunity against…

Q: The specialized cells that provide the interface between the lumen of the gut and the underlying…

A: M-cells are specialized epithelial cells found in the FAE of PP, and in isolated lymphoid follicles,…

Q: How is hepatitis B virus commonly spread, diagnosed, and treated?

A: Introduction Hepatitis virus as name suggest affects the liver, Hepatocytes and itis means…

Q: BCG vaccination (Bacillus Calmette Guerine) is injected to get immunity from_______?

A: Vaccination is the process of administration of a vaccine, which helps the immune system develop…

Q: Explain how Hepatitis B, C, D and G occurs and what is the etiology of each one. Explain how AIDS…

A: In patients with weaker immune systems, such as people living with HIV, opportunistic infections…

Q: What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency ofimmune system of the infected…

A: Viruses can spread through various agents such as air, water, direct contact, and by other means.…

Q: Why do you think celiac disease causes several types of symptoms and potentially serious…

A: Introduction Autoimmune diseases:- It is a condition when your immune system attacks healthy cells…

Q: Explain the observation that lymphoid tissues are scattered in the skin,lungs, stomach, and…

A: The most diffuse lymphoid tissue is found in the free connective-tissue spaces underneath most wet…

Q: Name the three kinds of tonsils and state how they differ in umber and location?

A: There are three sets of tonsils in the back of the mouth: the adenoids, the palatine, and the…

Q: How can one virus cause both chickenpox andshingles?

A: Step 1 The virus is an ultramicroscopic nucleoprotein entity that becomes active only inside a…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding celiac disease is/are TRUE?A. Celiac disease, also known…

A: Celiac disease is resulting from an immune reaction to gliadin and is also called celiac sprue or…

Q: Define pannexins,

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. Based on the number of cells an organism may be unicellular…

Q: What are the synptoms of AIDS?

A: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The…

Q: State the principle of vaccination. How can vaccines be used to prevent microbial infections? Write…

A: To answer this question we should have knowledge of immunology.

Q: Fill in the blank:  The aggregations of lymph nodules found within the mucosal lining of the small…

A: The major organs of the lymphatic and immune system are lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen,…

Q: Explain this statement: One acquires chickenpox from others, but one acquires shingles from oneself.

A: Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral disease common in children. It is caused by…

Q: Why is AIDS difficult toprevent by vaccination?

A: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition that causes damage to the immune system of…

Q: Explain how did Pierre Louis coined the term typhoid fever from people who died with gastric fever.

A: Introduction :- Salmonella Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria called Typhi. Salmonella Paratyphoid…

Q: Describe some common ways that hepatitis A is spread.

A: Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to…

Q: What is the normal function of the tonsils and adenoids?

A: Tonsils are present as a pair of lymph nodes on back side of the throat. Adenoids are the tissue…

Q: A new mother asked the nurse why she must immunize her baby at so young an age against hepatitis B…

A: Hepatitis B is an infection cause by hepatitis B virus . Transmission :- by comming in contact with…

Q: Elena developed chicken pox when she was in first grade. Later in life, when her children developed…

A: Antibodies are the protein molecules produced by the body to retaliate the antigen. In immunization,…

Q: Which of the following statements is/are correct? Hepatitis A viral infection will result in…

A: When the body's immunity is concerned, several infections and diseases lead to several outcomes.…

Q: How does the immune response to yearly flu differ from that of the avian flu? How does this relate…

A: Yearly flu or seasonal flu is caused by influenza virus. It causes symptoms like fever, running…

Q: Case Study . A man went for a hike in the mountains of New York State and later developed fever and…

A: In the above case, the man has gone to a mountain hike where he developed fever and rashes.

Q: What is included in GALT?a. thymus b. Peyer’s patches c. tonsils d. breast lymph nodes

A: The human body is a well built machine in which all the organs coordinate together to make it work.…

Q: the diagnostic for test HIV, and the virus that causes AIDS, involves testing the blood for…

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: What vaccines are available to prevent viral hepatitis?

A: Introduction Hepatitis virus as the name suggests affects the liver, Hepatocytes, and itis means…

Q: It is often recommended that individuals with missing spleen talk to their doctor about vaccines…

A: Spleen is located in the upper left region of the abdomen just behind the stomach and under the…

Q: Histological examination of a patient's lymph node showed an absence of germinal centers but with…

A: Absence of germinal centers in lymph nodes. Germinal centers are the parts of lymph nodes in which B…

Q: What are the two main arms of immune system and how do they prevent gastroenteritis infection…

A: An organism's immune system is a web of biological processes that defends it from disease. It can…

Q: Describe the immune response against Giardia lamblia. ?

A: Giardia lamblia (zooflagellate protozoan) is a gastrointestinal parasite that causes a diarrheal…

Q: Which response should be caused by vaccination?   Describe how this helps the patient if they are…

A: A pathogen is an organism which is known to cause a disease. It can be :- Bacteria , fungi , viruses…

Q: Vitiligo is (a) an autoimmune disorder, (b) contagious, (c) caused by the herpes simplex virus, (d)…

A: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder of the skin and hair. It is a cosmetically…

Q: Identify the normal defenses of the body against infection ?

A: A disease is a specific aberrant condition that affects the structure or function of all or part of…

Q: Elena developed chicken pox when she was in kindergarten. Later in life, when her children developed…

A: Chickenpox is a very contagious infection which is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It…

Q: Tonsils are the first line of defens

A: Tonsils' primary purpose is to trap germs (bacteria and viruses) that you may inhale. Antibodies…

Q: What is an example of virulent?

A: The bacteria is the unicellular prokaryotic organism that maintains a definite shape since it…

Q: Give an immunological explanation as to why people can get infl uenza every year even though they…

A: A type of medicine that trains the body's immune system so that it can fight a disease it has not…

Q: Explain why someone who has had an infection of chickenpox, is then said to be ‘immune’ from the…

A: If someone who has had an infection of chickenpox, is then said to be ‘immune’ from the disease…

Q: How has MRSA changed musculoskeletal infections in children?

A: MRSA-related musculoskeletal infections are frequent in osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.…

Q: A 17-year-old male presents with abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea. He says that this has…

A: Diseases that affect any section of the GIT (gastrointestinal tract), starting from the food pipe…

Q: How do the lesions of herpes simplex, syphilis, and lymphogranuloma venereum differ?

A: Introduction: lesions are an abnormal area of tissues inside or outside the body that may get bigger…

Q: Describe the specific locations of the tonsils.

A: Tonsils (palatine tonsils) are soft tissue masses at the back of the throat (pharynx). Tonsils are…