calculate part a During the process of oxidative phosphorylation the electron transport chain couples themovement of electrons to the pumping of protons (H+) into the intermembrane space ofthe mitochondria (left side of graphic below). This reaction establishes a protonmotiveforce that can then be utilized to synthesize ATP by a molecular machine called theATP-synthase (right side of graphic). ATP-synthase is an integral membrane proteinfound within the inner mitochondrial membrane. The pH of the mitochondrial matrix(inside) is ~ 7.8, whereas the pH of the intermembrane space of the mitochondria(outside) is ~7.1.cytoplasmintermembrane H²spaceΔψ = -170mVT = 25°CNADHNAD+matrixH+R = 8.3145 J.K-1.mol-1F = 96,485 J. V-1.mol-¹H*H+ADPH*ATPhigh [44]low [49]ATPsynthase(a)AG for transport of a proton from the mitochondrial matrix (inside) to theintermembrane space (outside). Show your work.Recall that pH = -log[H*].H+calculate the

Where,C( inside)= Concentration of H+ ions inside the mitochondrial matrixC(outside)= Concentration…

(a) AG for transport of a proton from the mitochondrial matrix (inside) to the intermembrane space (outside). Show your work. Recall that pH = -log[H*]. calculate the Δψ = -170mV T = 25°C R = 8.3145 J.K-¹.mol-1 F = 96,485 J. V-₁.mol-¹

(a) AG for transport of a proton from the mitochondrial matrix (inside) to the intermembrane space (outside). Show your work. Recall that pH = -log[H*]. calculate the Δψ = -170mV T = 25°C R = 8.3145 J.K-¹.mol-1 F = 96,485 J. V-₁.mol-¹

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RE: Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1....

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Question

calculate part a

During the process of oxidative phosphorylation the electron transport chain couples the
movement of electrons to the pumping of protons (H+) into the intermembrane space of
the mitochondria (left side of graphic below). This reaction establishes a protonmotive
force that can then be utilized to synthesize ATP by a molecular machine called the
ATP-synthase (right side of graphic). ATP-synthase is an integral membrane protein
found within the inner mitochondrial membrane. The pH of the mitochondrial matrix
(inside) is ~ 7.8, whereas the pH of the intermembrane space of the mitochondria
(outside) is ~7.1.
cytoplasm
intermembrane H²
space
Δψ = -170mV
T = 25°C
NADH
NAD+
matrix
H+
R = 8.3145 J.K-1.mol-1
F = 96,485 J. V-1.mol-¹
H*
H+
ADP
H*
ATP
high [44]
low [49]
ATP
synthase
(a)
AG for transport of a proton from the mitochondrial matrix (inside) to the
intermembrane space (outside). Show your work.
Recall that pH = -log[H*].
H+
calculate the

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The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)
Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylation
The proton motive force is the result ofa. ATP synthase transporting protons during ATP synthesisb. an electron gradient between the matrix and the intermembranespace of a mitochondrionc. a proton gradient between the matrix and intermembrane space ofa mitochondriond. a buildup of negatively charged ions
The maintenance of a proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane is crucial for continued ATP production. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that the inner membranes of certain cells contain proteins, called uncoupling proteins, that are capable of transporting protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. Why would mitochondria contain transporters that essentially waste energy potential in the proton gradient?
ATP generationinvolves electron transport chains and the enzyme ATPsynthase, which are embedded in the mitochondrion’s______ membrane.
Which of the takes place during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria? a. protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space b. protons are pumped from the intermembrane space to the matrix c. electrons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space d. electrons are pumped from the intermembrane space to the matrix e. NADH is pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space
If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATP-ADP translocase, the electrontransport chain ceases to operate. Why?
Luckily, protons (a.k.a. hydrogen ions or H+) are small enough to passively go right through a membrane, otherwise mitochondria would have to work too hard to regenerate ATP! True or False?
Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP using the reducing power of [NADH, FADH2 or malate] to move electrons down a series of carriers to ultimately produce a [phosphate gradient or protons gradient] across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is used by ATP synthase to make ATP. ATP synthase harnesses the energy stored in both [charge and concentration gradients or electostatic and van der waals interations] to achieve high energy phosphate bond synthesis. If the ion gradient across the inner membrane is dissipated by the expression of UCP1, ATP is not synthesized and [heat is generated or electron transport is blocked]. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is [oxygen or carbon dioxide] with water as a product.
What drives the rotation of the F1 head (rotor) of ATP synthase? a. proton movement from intermembrane space to the matrix b. proton movement from the matrix to the intermembrane space c. ATP hydrolysis d. ATP condensation e. proton movement from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space
Assume that a person was born with a defective NADH dehydrogenase complex, the complex that allows electron transport chain (ETC) to make ATP from NADH. Following consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates and fats, would you expect this person to be able to produce any ATP by oxidative phosphorylation? Explain your answer?
Which of the following statements concerning the complete oxidation of FADH2 in the electron transport chain is NOT true? a. In the final step, electrons from cytochrome c to O2 reducing it to H2O in complex IV, and four protons are transported from the intermembrane space to the matrix. b. In the first step, electrons from FADH2 are transferred in complex II to ubiquinone, which does not transport any proton across the inner mitochondrion membrane. c. In the second step, complex III transfers the electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c, and four protons are transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space. d. The complete oxidation of FADH2 causes transfer of 6 protons and yields two ATP.