a) Briefly explain the characteristics of a laminar flow.
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- 1. In laminar flow, which is correct?BJ: higher Re value has higher friction factorJB: lower Re value has higher friction factorGroup of answer choices A. BJ is false and JB is true B. BJ is true and JB is false C. BJ is false and JB is false D. BJ is true and JB is true 2.In turbulent flow, which is correct?BJ: higher Re value has lower friction factorJB: lower Re value has higher friction factorGroup of answer choices A.BJ is true and JB is true B.BJ is false and JB is false C. BJ is false and JB is true D. BJ is true and JB is false 3. In a system with 4 reservoirs and 1 pipe junction, how many continuity equations are formulable?Group of answer choices A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4 E. 1A Francis radial-flow hydroturbine is being designed with the following dimensions: r2 = 2.00 m, r1 = 1.42 m, b2 = 0.731 m, and b1 = 2.20 m. The runner rotates at n. = 180 rpm. The wicket gates turn the flow by angle ?2 = 30° from radial at the runner inlet, and the flow at the runner outlet is at angle ?1 = 10° from radial. The volume flow rate at design conditions is 340 m3 /s, and the gross head provided by the dam is Hgross = 90.0 m. For the preliminary design, irreversible losses are neglected. Calculate the turbine specific speed of the turbine. Provide answers in both dimensionless form and in customary U.S. units. Is it in the normal range for a Francis turbine? If not, what type of turbine would be more appropriate?A Francis radial-flow hydroturbine is being designed with the following dimensions: r2 = 2.00 m, r1 = 1.42 m, b2 = 0.731 m, and b1 = 2.20 m. The runner rotates at n. = 180 rpm. The wicket gates turn the flow by angle ?2 = 30° from radial at the runner inlet, and the flow at the runner outlet is at angle ?1 = 10° from radial. The volume flow rate at design conditions is 340 m3 /s, and the gross head provided by the dam is Hgross = 90.0 m. For the preliminary design, irreversible losses are neglected. Calculate the inlet and outlet runner blade angles ?2 and ?1, respectively, and predict the power output (MW) and required net head (m). Is the design feasible?
- Discuss which dimensionless pump performance parameter is typically used as the independent parameter. Repeat for turbines instead of pumps. Explain.A 50 mm diameter siphon discharges oil (SG=0.88) from a reservoir (elev. 20m) into open air (elev. 15m). The head loss from the reservoir (point 1) to the summit (point 2, elev. 22m) is 2.5 times the velocity head in the siphon and head loss from the summit to the discharge end is 4 times the velocity head in the siphon. What is the absolutepressure at the summit (point 2) assuming the atmospheric pressure to be 101.3 kPa? Do not write the unit. You will only input the numerical answer in the space provided. Unit of the Correct Answer: kPa (indicate the sign if negative) Decimal Places required in the final answer: 3Sketch the shear stress and velocity distribution for laminar flow across a pipe section?
- If a jet is inclined upward 30 degrees from the horizontal, what must be its velocity to reach over 3m wall at a horizontal distance 18m, neglecting friction?The 28-in-diameter pump in Fig. at 1170 r/min isused to pump water at 20°C through a piping system at14,000 gal/min. (a) Determine the required brake horsepower.The average friction factor is 0.018. (b) If there is65 ft of 12-in-diameter pipe upstream of the pump, how farbelow the surface should the pump inlet be placed to avoidcavitation?which do you think would give a more accurate reading of the flow rate? thourougly justify.